Abstract: Based on the landsand-TM remote sensing images, the desertification evolution history of the Hongsibu Basin in the last 30 years is rebuilt. Combining with the 1:50000 geological mapping, the Late Pleistocene sedimentary frame is systematically built and the lithofacies paleogeography for several important evolutional phases of the Hongsibu Basin is reconstructed. Moreover, the provenance of the eolian sand by detailed geological field and sedimentary geochemical works is traced. According to the primary research, several cognitions can be suggested that Although the desertification had not been eliminated, the ecological migration strategy implemented in 1999 effectively curbed the deterioration of the ecological environment and the range of desertification decreased; The sand ridges at the surface with zonal distribution characteristics mainly extend in NW-SE direction which parallels with the strike of the Daluo Mountain-Niushou Mountain tectonic belts, and Yantong Mountain tectonic belts; The eolian sand piled during the desertification mainly derived from the loosened lacustrine sand deposits, the third part of the Upper Pleistocene Salawusu formation sedimented during the regression, and this process is characterized with in-situ desertification; The similarities of the eolian sand at the surface and the lacustrine sand from the third part of the Salawusu formation in major elements, trace elements, and REE aspects revealed the affinity between these two sets of sands. What's more, this study contributes a lot to the comprehensive control for the regional desertification in the Hongsibu Basin, Ningxia.