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ZHU Weipeng. 2023. Sedimentary characteristics and metallogenic mechanism of Ningxiang-type iron deposits in South China. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 43(1): 87-100. doi: 10.19826/j.cnki.1009-3850.2021.07002
Citation: ZHU Weipeng. 2023. Sedimentary characteristics and metallogenic mechanism of Ningxiang-type iron deposits in South China. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 43(1): 87-100. doi: 10.19826/j.cnki.1009-3850.2021.07002
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Sedimentary characteristics and metallogenic mechanism of Ningxiang-type iron deposits in South China

  • Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received Date:  25 May 2021
Revised Date:  10 July 2021
Accepted Date:  12 July 2021
Publish Date:  31 March 2023
    Abstract

  • Ningxiang-type iron deposit is the most representative sedimentary iron deposit in South China. In order to explore sedimentary characteristics and metallogenic mechanism of Ningxiang-type iron deposit, the ore samples from northeastern Guangxi and western Hubei are selected for petrological and sedimentological research with the help of polarizing optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and TESCAN integrated mineral analyzer. The microfabric and geochemical characteristics of iron ooids are deeply studied. The results show that Ningxiang-type iron deposit is a kind of hybrid sedimentary with typical oolitic texture, which can be divided into three types: Sandstone-type, limestone-type and mixed-type. It occurs in the Middle Devonian Xindu Formation, the Upper Devonian Huangjiadeng Formation and Xiejingsi Formation. The ore-bearing rock series are generally composed of sandstone, mud, shale and marl, which are formed in the coastal and coastal-shallow transitional zone on the background of regional transgression. The iron oolites in ore samples have various morphologies, and the particle size is mostly concentrated between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm. The distribution of the mineral phases and major elements in some iron oolites is of annular layers. The core of these iron oolites can be filled with quartz or bioclastics, and the outer annular layers are composed of hematite, chamosite and collophane zones. The study suggests that the forming process of iron ores can be divided into three stages: The preparation period of ore-forming materials, the formation period of iron ooids, and the deposition period of iron ores. Strong paleoterrestrial weathering provides the source of ore-forming materials. The ore-forming materials are enriched and precipitated by mechanical sedimentation, colloidal chemical sedimentation and biological sedimentation, which have experienced a complex redox process. Finally, they are compacted and consolidated into Ningxiang-type iron deposits.

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