Abstract: The assembly of Gondwanaland and Pan-African orogeny were briefly presented. Then, the lithological units and their tectonic settings in the northern Cameroon and southwestern Chad were dissected based on previous research. On this basis, heavy mineral analysis was carried out for river alluvium collected from northern Cameroon. The analysis results (species and contents of heavy mineral) were consistent with the basement rocks of the Mayo Kebbi magmatic arc belt and the Rey Bouba greenstone belt from Western Cameroon Domain (WCD). Gold in the alluvium may come from Rey Bouba greenstone belt, and the analysis results may give a prospect for alluvial gold exploit in northern Cameroon.