Abstract: Combining the new Remote sensing interpretation and the result of surface survey with the active faults data on the Yangtze River Economic Belt, we preliminarily summarized the active tectonic features in this area, and teased out the main active faults that directly and indirectly threating to crustal stability of important urban agglomerations, state-level new district and river-crossing channels at the Yangtze River Economic Belt region, then pointed out 32 important active faults along Chengdu-Shanghai region that belongings to the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River Economic Belt, and the influenced major urban agglomerations and major projects. After teasing out the active faults, we put forward that the strong crustal deformation and seismicity of western Yangtze River Economic Belt are mainly controlled by "the Sichuan-Yunnan arc rotational-shear active tectonic system" at southeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau that formed under the action of the collision between Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate. But the middle-eastern area of Yangtze River Economic Belt is a "check board" active tectonic system that has the characteristics of conjugate strike slip fault which caused by the regional extrusion shearing deformation under the action of Indian Plate and Western Pacific Plate, 7 typical active faults' activity and their influences to the crustal stability of urban agglomeration required especially attentive. According to the features of regional active tectonic system, active faults and historic seismic activities, we preliminarily summarized the problems of future seismic hazard in this area, and the potential strong earthquake risk segment that needs to be focused on, then identified the importance of surveying the characteristics of geological relics of typical regional paleoearthquakes and paleoearthquake study. Further, the preliminary evaluation of regional crustal stability in the Yangtze River Economic Belt region showed that the unstable and sub-unstable regions are mainly concentrated in the western region, and the most of central-eastern regions are belong to the sub-stable and stable regions, but there are a few obvious sub-unstable regions along the Tanlu fault zone. Finally, we pointed out the main problems and challenges on the field surveying and evaluation of active tectonics and regional crustal stability, and the active fault identification and seismic risk evaluation of major city area in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.