2017 Vol. 23, No. 4
Article Contents

ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Xiaoliang, BAI Lingyan, YANG Tianshui, CAI Xiangmin, LIANG Yanan. ACTIVITY STUDY AND DISASTER EFFECT ANALYSIS OF THE NORTH SECTION OF HUANGZHUANG-GAOLIYING FAULT IN BEIJING[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2017, 23(4): 548-557.
Citation: ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Xiaoliang, BAI Lingyan, YANG Tianshui, CAI Xiangmin, LIANG Yanan. ACTIVITY STUDY AND DISASTER EFFECT ANALYSIS OF THE NORTH SECTION OF HUANGZHUANG-GAOLIYING FAULT IN BEIJING[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2017, 23(4): 548-557.

ACTIVITY STUDY AND DISASTER EFFECT ANALYSIS OF THE NORTH SECTION OF HUANGZHUANG-GAOLIYING FAULT IN BEIJING

  • In order to further study the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying hidden active fault in the innovation industrial site, future technology city of Beijing, the structural characteristics of the fault zone, Quaternary activity as well as disaster-causing mechanism were determined by the shallow artificial earthquake, high-density resistivity method and drilling engineering. The results show that the north section of the Huangzhuang-Gaoling fault presents as a tensional normal fault in general and dips 70°—80° SE. Near the bedrock depth the vertical separation is relatively large. The fault extending up to the inside of the Quaternary system has the characteristics of listric fault and its occurrence gradually becomes stepper. Parts of the fault are combined with feature "Y" shape. The north section of Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault has been active since Quaternary, and the average vertical velocities were respectively 0.07 mm/a, 0.04 mm/a, 0.23 mm/a, and 0.10 mm/a in early Pleistocene, middle Pleistocene, late Pleistocene and Holocene. The change characteristics are consistent with that of the neotectonics of Xishan uplift. There has been a strong creeping deformation in the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault since Holocene. As the lower walls of the fault keep moving, the geological disasters, such as ground fissures, ground subsidence, wall cracking and so on, were formed along the fault zone.

  • 加载中
  • [1] 赵伯明, 徐锡伟.汶川Ms8.0地震断层与地震灾害初步分析[J].地震地质, 2008, 30(4): 839~854.

    Google Scholar

    ZHAO Boming, XU Xiwei. An analysis onMs8.0 Wenchuan earthquake fault and seismic disaster[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2008, 30(4): 839~854.

    Google Scholar

    [2] Scholz C H. The mechanics of earthquakes and faulting[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 73~96.

    Google Scholar

    [3] 徐锡伟.活动断层、地震灾害与减灾对策问题[J].震灾防御技术, 2006, 1(1): 7~14. doi: 10.11899/zzfy20060102

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    XU Xiwei. Active faults, associated earthquake disaster distribution and policy for disaster reduction[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2006, 1(1): 7~14. doi: 10.11899/zzfy20060102

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [4] 徐锡伟, 闻学泽, 叶建青, 等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质, 2008, 30(3): 597~629.

    Google Scholar

    XU Xiwei, WEN Xueze, YE Jianqing, et al. TheMs8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2008, 30(3): 597~629.

    Google Scholar

    [5] 邓起东.城市活动断裂探测和地震危险性评价问题[J].地震地质, 2002, 24(4): 601~605.

    Google Scholar

    DENG Qidong. Exploration and seismic hazard assessment of active faults in urban areas[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2002, 24(4): 601~605.

    Google Scholar

    [6] 王继明, 张磊, 赵勇, 等. 北京平原区活动断裂监测专项地质调查报告[R]. 北京: 北京市地质调查研究院, 2013.

    Google Scholar

    WANG Jiming, ZHANG Lei, ZHAO Yong, et al.The report on the results of geological survey of active faults in Beijing plain area[R]. Beijing:Geological Survey of Beijing, 2013.

    Google Scholar

    [7] 黄秀铭, 汪良谋, 徐杰, 等.北京地区新构造运动特征[J].地震地质, 1991, 13(1): 43~51.

    Google Scholar

    HUANG Xiuming, WANG Liangmou, XU Jie, et al. Characteristics of neotectonic movement in Beijing area[J]. Seismology and Geology, 1991, 13(1): 43~51.

    Google Scholar

    [8] 北京市地震地质会战办公室. 北京市地震地质会战专题成果(第4专题组)——北京平原区全新世构造活动调查研究[M]. 北京: 北京市地震地质会战办公室, 1982.

    Google Scholar

    Earthquake Geological Office of Beijing. The fourth topic achievements on Beijing earthquake and geological meeting-surveys and research on Holocene tectonic activity in Beijing plain[M]. Beijing: Earthquake Geological Office of Beijing, 1982.

    Google Scholar

    [9] 王挺梅, 胡言, 方仲景, 等.北京黄庄断裂新活动的地质证据[J].地震地质, 1983, 5(1):70.

    Google Scholar

    WANG Tingmei, HU Yan, FANG Zhongjing, et al.Geological evidence for the recent activity of Huangzhuang fault in Beijing [J].Seismology and Geology, 1983, 5(1):70.

    Google Scholar

    [10] 徐杰, 汪良谋, 方仲景, 等.北京八宝山断裂和黄庄—高丽营断裂构造活动性的初步分析[J].华北地震科学, 1992, 10(3): 1~11.

    Google Scholar

    XU Jie, WANG Liangmou, FANG Zhongjing, et al. Preliminary analysis of the tectonic activities of Babaoshan and Huangzhuang-Gaoliying faults in Beijing area[J]. North China Earthquake Sciences, 1992, 10(3): 1~11.

    Google Scholar

    [11] 向宏发, 方仲景, 贾三发, 等.隐伏断裂研究及其工程应用——以北京平原区为例[M].北京:地震出版社, 1994, 1~97.

    Google Scholar

    XIANG Hongfa, FANG Zhongjing, JIA Sanfa, et al. Study of the buried fault and its application to engineering project[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1994, 1~97.

    Google Scholar

    [12] 车兆宏, 范燕.北京黄庄—高丽营断层、八宝山断层现今活动追踪研究[J].地震, 2003, 23(3): 97~104.

    Google Scholar

    CHE Zhaohong, FAN Yan. Tracing study of fault activity of the Beijing Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault and Babaoshan fault in recent time[J]. Earthquake, 2003, 23(3): 97~104.

    Google Scholar

    [13] 车兆宏, 巩曰沐, 刘善华, 等.北京黄庄—高丽营断层、八宝山断层中段活动性综合研究[J].中国地震, 1997, 13(4): 330~337.

    Google Scholar

    CHE Zhaohong, GONG Yuemu, LIU Shanhua, et al. Comprehensive study of fault activity of the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying and Babaoshan fault in the middle section[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 1997, 13(4): 330~337.

    Google Scholar

    [14] 马文涛, 唐文榜, 徐锡伟, 等.北京黄庄—高丽营隐伏断裂立水桥段浅部活动特征的地震探测[J].物探与化探, 2005, 29(6): 503~505, 509.

    Google Scholar

    MA Wentao, TANG Wenbang, XU Xiwei, et al. Seismic exploration of shallow deformation along Lishuiqiao section of Huangzhuang-Gaoliying active fault in Beijing urban area[J]. Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, 2005, 29(6): 503~505, 509.

    Google Scholar

    [15] 常旭, 李林新, 刘伊克, 等.北京断陷黄庄—高丽营断层伪随机可控震源地震剖面[J].地球物理学报, 2008, 51(5): 1503~1510.

    Google Scholar

    CHANG Xu, LI Linxin, LIU Yike, et al. Seismic profile of Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault in Beijing by Mini-sosie method[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2008, 51(5): 1503~1510.

    Google Scholar

    [16] 胡平, 刘保金, 白立新, 等.奥林匹克公园地区隐伏断裂综合探测[J].地球物理学报, 2010, 53(6): 1486~1494.

    Google Scholar

    HU Ping, LIU Baojin, BAI Lixin, et al. Synthetic exploration of the buried faults in Olympic Park area[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2010, 53(6): 1486~1494.

    Google Scholar

    [17] 邓启东, 徐锡伟, 张先康, 等.城市活动断裂探测的方法和技术[J].地学前缘, 2003, 10(1): 93~104.

    Google Scholar

    DENG Qidong, XU Xiwei, ZHANG Xiankang, et al. Methods and techniques for surveying and prospecting active faults in urban areas[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2003, 10(1): 93~104.

    Google Scholar

    [18] 白凌燕, 张磊, 蔡向民, 等.磁性地层年代对北京平原顺义断裂第四纪活动性的约束[J].现代地质, 2014, 28(6): 1234~1242.

    Google Scholar

    BAI Lingyan, ZHANG Lei, CAI Xiangmin, et al. Quaternary magnetostratigraphic time framework constraints on activity characteristics of the Shunyi fault, Beijing plain[J]. Geoscience, 2014, 28(6): 1234~1242.

    Google Scholar

    [19] 张磊, 白凌燕, 蔡向民, 等.北京南口—孙河断裂北西段综合物探剖面定位及其活动性研究[J].现代地质, 2014, 28(1): 234~242.

    Google Scholar

    ZHANG Lei, BAI Lingyan, CAI Xiangmin, et al. Study on the position of North West section of Nankou-Sunhe fault in Beijing and its activity[J]. Geoscience, 2014, 28(1): 234~242.

    Google Scholar

    [20] 向宏发, 方仲景, 张晚霞, 等.北京平原区隐伏断裂晚第四纪活动特征的联合剖面研究[J].地震研究, 1995, 18(1): 75~79.

    Google Scholar

    XIANG Hongfa, FANG Zhongjing, ZHANG Wanxia, et al. Joint profile survey of active features for the late quaternary subsurface faults in Beijing plain region[J]. Journal of Seismological Research, 1995, 18(1): 75~79.

    Google Scholar

    [21] 徐锡伟, 计凤桔, 于贵华, 等.用钻孔地层剖面记录恢复古地震序列:河北夏垫断裂古地震研究[J].地震地质, 2000, 22(1): 9~19.

    Google Scholar

    XU Xiwei, JI Fengju, YU Guihua, et al. Reconstruction of paleoearthouake sequence using stratigraphic records from drill logs: a study at the Xiadian fault, Beijing[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2000, 22(1): 9~19.

    Google Scholar

    [22] 张世民, 王丹丹, 刘旭东, 等.北京南口-孙河断裂晚第四纪古地震事件的钻孔剖面对比与分析[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学, 2008, 38(7): 881~895.

    Google Scholar

    ZHANG Shimin, WANG Dandan, LIU Xudong, et al. Using borehole core analysis to reveal Late Quaternary paleoearthquakes along the Nankou-Sunhe Fault, Beijing[J]. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 2008, 51(8): 1154~1168.

    Google Scholar

    [23] 张磊, 白凌燕, 蔡向民, 等.北京平原南口—孙河断裂南段第四纪活动性的磁性地层学研究[J].第四纪研究, 2014, 34(2): 381~390.

    Google Scholar

    ZHANG Lei, BAI Lingyan, CAI Xiangmin, et al. Magnetostratigraphy study on the south segment of Nankou-Sunhe fault at Beijing plain and its implications for the fault activity during Quaternary[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2014, 34(2): 381~390.

    Google Scholar

    [24] 张磊, 白凌燕, 蔡向民, 等.北京平原南口—孙河断裂带北西段活动性分析[J].中国地质, 2014, 41(3): 902~911.

    Google Scholar

    ZHANG Lei, BAI Lingyan, CAI Xiangmin, et al. An analysis of the activity of the northwest part of Nankou-Sunhe fault[J]. Geology in China, 2014, 41(3): 902~911.

    Google Scholar

    [25] 张磊, 何静, 白凌燕, 等.北京凹陷北缘第四纪凹陷盆地沉积速率变化特征与顺义断裂活动性的响应关系[J].中国地质, 2016, 43(2): 511~519. doi: 10.12029/gc20160212

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    ZHANG Lei, HE Jing, BAI Lingyan, et al. The response relationship between the variation characteristics of deposition rate of Quaternary depression basin on the northern margin of Beijing depression and the activity of Shunyi fault[J]. Geology in China, 2016, 43(2): 511~519. doi: 10.12029/gc20160212

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [26] 张磊, 张晓亮, 白凌燕, 等.北京平原沙河凹陷第四纪磁性地层学研究及其新构造运动的沉积响应[J].中国地质, 2016, 43(3):1076~1084. doi: 10.12029/gc20160329

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Xiaoliang, BAI Lingyan, et al.Quaternary magnetic stratigraphy and its sedimentary response to new tectonic movement in Shahe depression, plain area of Beijing [J].Geology in China, 2016, 43(3):1076~1084. doi: 10.12029/gc20160329

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [27] 安芷生, 魏兰英, 卢演俦, 等.顺5孔的磁性地层学和早松山世的北京海侵[J].地球化学, 1979, (4): 343~346.

    Google Scholar

    AN Zhisheng, WEI Lanying, LU Yanchou, et al. Magnetostratigraphy of the core S-5 and the transgression in the Beijing area during the early Matuyama Epoch[J]. Geochimica, 1979, (4): 343~346.

    Google Scholar

    [28] 李龙吟, 陈华慧.北京怀柔HR88-1钻孔剖面磁性地层学研究[J].地层学杂志, 1994, 18(1): 39~44.

    Google Scholar

    LI Longyin, CHEN Huahui. On magnetostratigraphy of the borehole HR88-1 in Huairou area, Beijing[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 1994, 18(1): 39~44.

    Google Scholar

    [29] 刘进峰, 郭正堂, 郝青振, 等.甘肃秦安糜子湾剖面中新世风尘堆积的磁性地层学研究[J].第四纪研究, 2005, 25(4): 503~509.

    Google Scholar

    LIU Jinfeng, GUO Zhengtang, HAO Qingzhen, et al. Magnetostratigraphy of the Miziwan Miocene Eolian deposits in Qin'an County (Gansu Province)[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2005, 25(4): 503~509.

    Google Scholar

    [30] 卢海建, 王二七, 李仕虎, 等.青藏高原东南缘构造旋转变形分析:以四川盐源盆地古地磁研究为例[J].中国地质, 2015, 42(5): 1188~1201.

    Google Scholar

    LU Haijian, WANG Erqi, LI Shihu, et al. Rotational deformation of the southeastern margin of Tibet: a paleomagnetic study of the Yanyuan basin, Sichuan Province[J]. Geology in China, 2015, 42(5): 1188~1201.

    Google Scholar

    [31] 邓成龙.黄土高原西部白草塬剖面L1和S1记录的古地磁场特征[J].第四纪研究, 2008, 28(5): 854~865.

    Google Scholar

    DENG Chenglong. Paleomagnetism of the loess/paleosol couplet L1/S1 at the Baicaoyuan section, western Loess Plateau[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2008, 28(5): 854~865.

    Google Scholar

    [32] 郑妍, 郑洪波, 邓成龙, 等.还原成岩作用对磁性矿物的影响及古气候意义:以长江口水下三角洲岩芯YD0901沉积物为例[J].第四纪研究, 2012, 32(4): 652~662.

    Google Scholar

    ZHENG Yan, ZHENG Hongbo, DENG Chenglong, et al. Diagenetic alteration on magnetic minerals and the paleoclimate implications, results from core YD0901 of Yangtze subaqueous delta[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2012, 32(4): 652~662.

    Google Scholar

    [33] 乔彦松, 赵志中, 王燕, 等.川西甘孜黄土磁性地层学研究及其古气候意义[J].第四纪研究, 2006, 26(2): 250~256.

    Google Scholar

    QIAO Yansong, ZHAO Zhizhong, WANG Yan, et al. Magnetostratigraphy and its paleoclimatic significance of a loess-soil sequence from Ganzi Area, West Sichuan Plateau[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2006, 26(2): 250~256.

    Google Scholar

    [34] 朱日祥, 邓成龙, 潘永信.泥河湾盆地磁性地层定年与早期人类演化[J].第四纪研究, 2007, 27(6): 922~944.

    Google Scholar

    ZHU Rixiang, DENG Chenglong, PAN Yongxin. Magnetochronology of the fluvio-lacustrine sequences in the Nihewan basin and its implications for early human colonization of northeast Asia[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2007, 27(6): 922~944.

    Google Scholar

    [35] 邹光富, 庄忠海, 潘忠习, 等.西藏珠穆朗玛峰北坡地区三叠纪磁性地层研究[J].中国地质, 2006, 33(5): 988~998.

    Google Scholar

    ZOU Guangfu, ZHUANG Zhonghai, PAN Zhongxi, et al. Triassic magnetostratigraphy of the North slope of Mount Qomolangma, Tibet[J]. Geology in China, 2006, 33(5): 988~998.

    Google Scholar

    [36] 王红强.泥河湾盆地东谷坨剖面磁性特征及环境意义[J].第四纪研究, 2007, 27(6): 1081~1091.

    Google Scholar

    WANG Hongqiang. Magnetic properties of lacustrine sediments at the Donggutuo section in the Nihewan Basin and their environmental significance[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2007, 27(6): 1081~1091.

    Google Scholar

    [37] 王张华, 张丹, 李晓, 等.长江三角洲晚新生代沉积物磁性特征和磁性矿物及其指示意义[J].中国地质, 2008, 35(4): 670~682.

    Google Scholar

    WANG Zhanghua, ZHANG Dan, LI Xiao, et al. Magnetic properties and relevant minerals of late Cenozoic sediments in the Yangtze River delta and their implications[J]. Geology in China, 2008, 35(4): 670~682.

    Google Scholar

    [38] 赵勇, 蔡向民, 王继明, 等.北京平原顺义ZK12~2钻孔剖面第四纪磁性地层学研究[J].地质学报, 2013, 87(2): 288~294.

    Google Scholar

    ZHAO Yong, CAI Xiangmin, WANG Jiming, et al. Quaternary magnetostratigraphy of the Shunyi area in Beijing plain using ZK12~2 borehole profile[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2013, 87(2): 288~294.

    Google Scholar

    [39] 缪卫东, 李世杰, 王润华.长江三角洲北翼J9孔岩芯沉积特征及地层初步划分[J].第四纪研究, 2009, 29(1): 126~134.

    Google Scholar

    MIAO Weidong, LI Shijie, WANG Runhua. Preliminary study on sedimentary characteristics and stratum division of J9 Core in the north wing of the Yangtze River Delta[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2009, 29(1): 126~134.

    Google Scholar

    [40] 张磊, 何付兵, 白凌燕, 等.北京顺义断裂带北段第四纪活动的天文旋回地层学研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 54(5): 147~154.

    Google Scholar

    ZHANG Lei, HE Fubing, BAI Lingyan, et al. Astronomical cyclostratigraphy study of Quaternary activities in northern segment of the Shunyi fault, Beijing[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2015, 54(5): 147~154.

    Google Scholar

    [41] 孙洪艳, 李志祥, 田明中.第四纪测年研究新进展[J].地质力学学报, 2003, 9(4): 371~378.

    Google Scholar

    SUN Hongyan, LI Zhixiang, TIAN Mingzhong. New progress in Quaternary dating research[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2003, 9(4): 371~378.

    Google Scholar

    [42] 田婷婷, 吴中海, 张克旗, 等.第四纪主要定年方法及其在新构造与活动构造研究中的应用综述[J].地质力学学报, 2013, 19(3): 242~266.

    Google Scholar

    TIAN Tingting, WU Zhonghai, ZHANG Keqi, et al. Overview of Quaternary dating methods and their application in neotectonics and active tectonics research[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2013, 19(3): 242~266.

    Google Scholar

    [43] Cande S C, Kent D V. A new geomagnetic polarity time scale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1992, 97(B10): 13917~13951. doi: 10.1029/92JB01202

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [44] Walker J D, Geissman J W. Geologic time scale: geological society of America[M]. Washington DC: The Geological Society of America, 2009, doi: 10.1130/2009.CTS004R2C.

    Google Scholar

    [45] 郭旭东.北京第四纪地质导论[M].重庆:重庆出版社, 2007, 12.

    Google Scholar

    GUO Xudong. Beijing introduction of quaternary geology[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing Press, 2007, 12.

    Google Scholar

    [46] 张磊, 白凌燕, 张晓亮, 等. 北京地区主要活动断裂精细调查与灾害效应调查项目成果报告[R]. 北京: 北京市地质调查研究院, 2016.

    Google Scholar

    ZHANG Lei, BAI Lingyan, ZHANG Xiaoliang, et al.Fine survey of main activities in Beijing area and disaster effects survey[R]. Beijing:Geological Survey of Beijing, 2016.

    Google Scholar

    [47] 白登海, 王立凤, 孙洁, 等.福州八一水库-尚干断裂的高密度电法和瞬变电磁法试验探测[J].地震地质, 2002, 24(4): 557~564.

    Google Scholar

    BAI Denghai, WANG Lifeng, SUN Jie, et al. DC and Tem test sounding for the BayiShuiku-Shanggan fault in Fuzhou City, Fujian Provice, China[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2002, 24(4): 557~564.

    Google Scholar

    [48] 葛鸣, 邢立杰, 罗福忠, 等.高密度电法在和田隐伏断层探测中的应用[J].中国煤炭地质, 2014, 26(12): 62~65. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2014.12.15

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    GE Ming, XING Lijie, LUO Fuzhong, et al. Application of high density electric method in hidden fault prospecting, Hotan, Xinjiang[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2014, 26(12): 62~65. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2014.12.15

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [49] 池跃龙, 张亭, 王星捷.高密度电法在探测隐伏断裂带中的应用[J].城市地质, 2014, 9(3): 44~46.

    Google Scholar

    CHI Yuelong, ZHANG Ting, WANG Xingjie. The Application of the high-density electrical method in detecting the underground faults[J]. Urban Geology, 2014, 9(3): 44~46.

    Google Scholar

    [50] 刘艳春, 高树义, 庄明芳, 等.高密度电法在探测隐伏断裂中的应用[J].山西建筑, 2014, 40(30): 89~91. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6825.2014.30.046

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    LIU Yanchun, GAO Shuyi, ZHUANG Mingfang, et al. Application of high-density resistivity method on detecting buried fault[J]. Shanxi Architecture, 2014, 40(30): 89~91. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6825.2014.30.046

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [51] 侯治华, 钟南才, 郝彦军, 等.应用高密度电法探测北京南口-孙河隐伏断裂[J].防灾科技学院学报, 2011, 13(1): 1~6.

    Google Scholar

    HOU Zhihua, ZHONG Nancai, HAO Yanjun, et al. Detecting Nankou-Sunhe buried faulty by high density resistivity method[J]. Journal of Institute of Disaster-Prevention Science and Technology, 2011, 13(1): 1~6.

    Google Scholar

  • 加载中
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Figures(6)

Tables(1)

Article Metrics

Article views(1483) PDF downloads(4) Cited by(0)

Access History

Catalog

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint