Abstract: In recent years, a number of reform programs have been made to promote the mining rights competitive transferring and the compensated use of mineral resources. The mining rights competitive transferring and the mining rights transfer proceeds have become the hotspots of social attention. This article combs the current characteristics of mining rights in China and the taxes and fees system of mineral resources exploration and exploitation to provide suggestions for perfecting the taxes and fees system. With the help of taxes and fees, the enthusiasm of the state, local governments and companies to participate in the oil-gas mining rights transferring can be aroused. Thus, the reform of mining rights transfer will be promoted.