| Qingdao Institute of marine geology, China Geological Survey | Host |
| Citation: |
SHANG Luning, HU Gang, YUAN Zhongpeng, QI Jianghao, PAN Jun. Tectonic structure and origin of the 85°E ridge, Northeastern Indian Ocean: A review and new observations[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2020, 40(4): 1-16. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2020042201
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Tectonic structure and origin of the 85°E ridge, Northeastern Indian Ocean: A review and new observations
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Abstract
The 85°E ridge in the Northeast Indian Ocean is a prominent linear basement uplift, formed by the tectonic and magmatic activities during the Mesozoic northward drift of the Indian plate. This ridge is a key unit for understanding the East Indian Ocean spreading and the northward drifting of the Indian Plate. However, its structural characteristics and formation and evolution process are controversial. In this paper, gravity and magnetic anomalies around the 85°E ridge are mapped and analyzed. We discussed the nature and origin of the ridge upon integration of previous works on morphology and deep structure of the crust under the ridge and the reconstruction models of the East Indian Ocean plate. The results show that the 85°E ridge is generated by the integrated multiple processes including hot spot activity, spreading, transform fault, transition of spreading center and long-distance effect of plate convergence. Different segments are dominated by different structures, natures and genetic mechanisms. The segment north of 12°N was formed by intraplate hot spot magmatism. Between 2°N and 12°N the ridge is highly consistent with the boundary of NW-SE and N-S seafloor spreading, resulted from the Cretaceous plate reorganization. The Afanasy-Nikitin seamount to the south of 2°N is a near-axis hot spot trail emplaced along with the seafloor spreading, and may not be genetically related to the ridge to the north of 2°N. We suggest, therefore, that the middle part of the ridge between 2°N and 12°N is a critical area for further confirmation of the nature and origin of the ridge. Geophysical surveys are required and scientific drilling will help solve major geological problems, such as the nature and origin of the 85°E ridge, the reorganization of the Indian Ocean Plate in Cretaceous, and the interaction mechanism between hot spot and mid-ocean ridge.
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References
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SHANG Luning, HU Gang, YUAN Zhongpeng, QI Jianghao, PAN Jun. Tectonic structure and origin of the 85°E ridge, Northeastern Indian Ocean: A review and new observations[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2020, 40(4): 1-16. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2020042201
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Figure 1.
Bathymetry of Indian Ocean and major topographic/tectonic features （Names of the features after references [34-35], bathymetric data from https://www.gebco.net/）
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Figure 2.
Tectonic map of the Bay of Bengal and adjacent regions （modified from references [2, 34], bathymetric data from https://www.gebco.net/）
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Figure 3.
Free-air gravity anomaly map of the Bay of Bengal and some interpretations （gravity data from http://bgi.omp.obs-mip.fr/data）
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Figure 4.
Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the Bay of Bengal and some interpretations （gravity data from http://bgi.omp.obs-mip.fr/data）
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Figure 5.
3-D crustal thickness （from acoustic basement to the Moho） of the 85°E ridge （a） and crustal structure profiles （b）
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Figure 6.
Magnetic anomaly map of the Bay of Bengal and some interpretations （Magnetic lineation after references [24, 41-44]. The geomagnetic polarity scale is from reference [34]）
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Figure 7.
Comparison of SK72-13 and SK82-02 magnetic profiles with the synthetic models （SK72-13 after reference [24], SK82-02 after reference [43]）
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Figure 8.
Seismic reflection profiles showing the basement morphology and internal structures of the 85°E Ridge
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Figure 9.
Submarine topography of the Afanasy-Nikitin Seamount（a）and its basement morphology（b）（Bathymetric data from https://www.gebco.net/. Profiles are modified from reference [11]）
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Figure 10.
Plate reconstruction models for Eastern Indian Ocean during Cretaceous （after reference [44]）