A GEE-based study on the temporal and spatial variations in the carbon source/sink function of vegetation in the Three-River Headwaters region

ZHANG Zhenqi; CAI Huiwen; ZHANG Pingping; WANG Zelin; LI Tingting

doi:10.6046/zrzyyg.2022042

2023 Vol. 35, No. 1

Article Contents

Article navigation > Remote Sensing for Natural Resources > 2023 > 35(1): 231-242

Next Article Previous Article

ZHANG Zhenqi, CAI Huiwen, ZHANG Pingping, WANG Zelin, LI Tingting. 2023. A GEE-based study on the temporal and spatial variations in the carbon source/sink function of vegetation in the Three-River Headwaters region. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 35(1): 231-242. doi: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2022042

Citation:

ZHANG Zhenqi, CAI Huiwen, ZHANG Pingping, WANG Zelin, LI Tingting. 2023. A GEE-based study on the temporal and spatial variations in the carbon source/sink function of vegetation in the Three-River Headwaters region. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 35(1): 231-242. doi: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2022042

A GEE-based study on the temporal and spatial variations in the carbon source/sink function of vegetation in the Three-River Headwaters region

1. College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China；
2. NationalEngineering Research Center of Marine Aquaculture, Zhoushan 316022, China

Received Date: 11 February 2022

Revised Date: 15 March 2023

Publish Date: 20 March 2023

Abstract

Abstract

Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) represents the carbon sequestration capacity of a regional ecosystem. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial variations in the NEP of the Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR) from 2001 to 2020 based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) and meteorological data and revealed their relationships with climate factors. The results are as follows: ① The TRHR had an important carbon sink function, with carbon sink areas accounting for 99.89%; The carbon source areas in the TRHR were primarily distributed in the northwest, accounting for only 0.11%. The NEP of the TRHR decreased gradually from the southeast to the northwest and differed significantly among different ecological areas; ② The NEP of the TRHR showed an upward trend overall in the past 20 years, with an annual increasing rate of 1.13 gC/(m2·a), indicating huge carbon sequestration potential; ③ The area of zones whose NEP showed an upward trend accounted for 95.05% of the total area. Ecological engineering construction significantly improved the NEP of vegetation. As a result, the carbon sink function gradually increased and was highly stable; ④ The TRHR had an annual average NEP of 120.93 gC/(m2·a), and the NEP was positively correlated with the annual precipitation but negatively correlated with average annual temperature and annual solar radiation. The warm, humid climate and the ecological engineering construction contributed to the carbon sink function of vegetation in the TRHR. This is of great significance for improving the carbon sink value of the terrestrial ecosystem and achieving the peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality of China.
- net ecosystem productivity (NEP) /
- Three-River Headwaters Region /
- carbon source/sink /
- temporal-spatial variation /
- climate change

FullText(HTML)

References

[1]	Keenan T F, Prentice I C, Canadell J G, et al. Recent pause in the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 due to enhanced terrestrial carbon uptake[J]. Nature Communications, 2016, 7:13428. Google Scholar
[2]	唐希颖, 武红, 董金玮, 等. 沙化和退化状态对甘南草地生态系统固碳的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(2):278-286. Google Scholar
[3]	Tang X Y, Wu H, Dong J W, et al. Effects of desertification and degradation on carbon sequestration of grassland ecosystem in Gannan[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2022, 41(2):278-286. Google Scholar
[4]	杨元合, 石岳, 孙文娟, 等. 中国及全球陆地生态系统碳源汇特征及其对碳中和的贡献[J]. 中国科学:生命科学, 2022, 52(4):534-574. Google Scholar
[5]	Yang Y H, Shi Y, Sun W J, et al. Terrestrial carbon sinks in China and around the world and their contribution to carbon neutrality[J]. Scientia Sinica(Vitae), 2022, 52(4):534-574. Google Scholar
[6]	Woodwell G M, Whitaker R H, Reiners W A, et al. The biota and the world carbon budget[J]. Science, 1978, 199:141-146. Google Scholar
[7]	刘旻霞, 焦骄, 潘竟虎, 等. 青海省植被净初级生产力(NPP)时空格局变化及其驱动因素[J]. 生态学报, 2020, 40(15):5306-5317. Google Scholar
[8]	Liu M X, Jiao J, Pan J H, et al. Spatial and temporal patterns of planting NPP and its driving factors in Qinghai Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(15):5306-5317. Google Scholar
[9]	陈雪娇, 周伟, 杨晗. 2001—2017年三江源区典型草地群落碳源/汇模拟及动态变化分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(6):1583-1592. Google Scholar
[10]	Chen X J, Zhou W, Y H. Simulation and dynamic change of carbon source/sink in the typical grassland communities in the Three River Source area from 2001 to 2017[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(6):1583-1592. Google Scholar
[11]	王苗苗. 三江源区高寒草甸草产量遥感监测及植物碳汇动态研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2011. Google Scholar
[12]	Wang M M. Study of the alpine meadow yield monitoring and the dynamic of vegetation carbon sequestration in the source region of Yangtze,Yellow and Lancang Rivers[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2011. Google Scholar
[13]	郑飞鸽, 易桂花, 张廷斌, 等. 三江源植被碳利用率动态变化及其对气候响应[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(1):401-413. Google Scholar
[14]	Zheng F G, Yi G H, Zhang T B, et al. Study on spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation carbon use efficiency and its response to climate factors in Three-River Headwaters region[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020, 40(1):401-413. Google Scholar
[15]	苏淑兰. 三江源草地生态系统碳储量及其影响因素[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2015. Google Scholar
[16]	Su S L. Carbon storage and its influencing factors of the grassland in Three River Sources Region[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2015. Google Scholar
[17]	张继平, 刘春兰, 郝海广, 等. 基于MODIS GPP/NPP数据的三江源地区草地生态系统碳储量及碳汇量时空变化研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2015, 24(1):8-13. Google Scholar
[18]	Zhang J P, Liu C L, Hao H G, et al. Spatial-temporal change of carbon storage and carbon sink of grassland ecosystem in the Three-River Headwaters region based on MODIS GPP/NPP data[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2015, 24(1):8-13. Google Scholar
[19]	路秋玲, 李愿会. 三江源自然保护区森林植被层碳储量及碳密度研究[J]. 林业资源管理, 2018(4):146-153. Google Scholar
[20]	Lu Q L, Li Y H. Study on carbon storage and carbon density of forest vegetation in Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve[J]. Forest Resources Management, 2018(4):146-153. Google Scholar
[21]	李宗洮. 青海三江源地区农业碳排放影响因素及减排对策研究[D]. 西宁: 青海大学, 2020. Google Scholar
[22]	Li Z T. Study on factors affecting agricultural carbon emission and countermeasures for emission reduction in Sanjiangyuan region of Qinghai[D]. Xining: Qinghai University, 2020. Google Scholar
[23]	任小丽, 何洪林, 张黎, 等. 2001—2010年三江源区草地净生态系统生产力估算[J]. 环境科学研究, 2017, 30(1):51-58. Google Scholar
[24]	Ren X L, He H L, Zhang L, et al. Net ecosystem production of alpine grasslands in the Three-River Headwaters region during 2001—2010[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2017, 30(1):51-58. Google Scholar
[25]	Long T, Zhang Z, He G, et al. 30 m resolution global annual burned area mapping based on Landsat images and Google Earth Engine[J]. Remote Sensing, 2019, 11(5): 489. Google Scholar
[26]	陈炜, 黄慧萍, 田亦陈, 等. 基于Google Earth Engine平台的三江源地区生态环境质量动态监测与分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2019, 21(9):1382-1391. Google Scholar
[27]	Chen W, Huang H P, Tian Y C, et al. Monitoring and assessment of the eco-environment quality in the Sanjiangyuan region based on Google Earth Engine[J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2019, 21(9):1382-1391. Google Scholar
[28]	傅伯杰, 刘国华, 陈利顶, 等. 中国生态区划方案[J]. 生态学报, 2001(1):1-6. Google Scholar
[29]	Fu B J, Liu G H, Chen L D, et al. Scheme of ecological regionalization in China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2001(1):1-6. Google Scholar
[30]	郑修诚, 周斌, 雷惠, 等. 基于GEE的杭州湾慈溪段潮滩提取及时空变化分析[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2022, 34(1):18-26.doi: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2022021. Google Scholar
[31]	Zheng X C, Zhou B, Li H, et al. Extraction and spatio-temporal change analysis of the tidal flat in Cixi section of Hangzhou Bay based on Google Earth Engine[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2022, 34(1):18-26.doi: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2022021. Google Scholar
[32]	戴尔阜, 黄宇, 吴卓, 等. 内蒙古草地生态系统碳源/汇时空格局及其与气候因子的关系[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(1):21-34. Google Scholar
[33]	Dai E F, Huang Y, Wu Z, et al. Spatial-temporal features of carbon source-sink and its relationship with climate factors in Inner Mongolia grassland ecosystem[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(1):21-34. Google Scholar
[34]	巩杰, 张影, 钱彩云. 甘肃白龙江流域净生态系统生产力时空变化[J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(15):5121-5128. Google Scholar
[35]	Gong J, Zhang Y, Qian C Y. Temporal and spatial distribution of net ecosystem productivity in the Bailongjiang Watershed of Gansu Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(15):5121-5128. Google Scholar
[36]	周夏飞, 於方, 曹国志, 等. 2001—2015年青藏高原草地碳源/汇时空变化及其与气候因子的关系[J]. 水土保持研究, 2019, 26(1):76-81. Google Scholar
[37]	Zhou X F, Yu F, Cao G Z, et al. Spatiotemporal features of carbon source-sink and its relationship with climate factors in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau grassland ecosystem during 2001—2015[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2019, 26(1):76-81. Google Scholar
[38]	Pei Z Y, Ouyang H, Zhou C P, et al. Carbon balance in an alpine steppe in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2009, 51(5):521-526. Google Scholar
[39]	潘竟虎, 文岩. 中国西北干旱区植被碳汇估算及其时空格局[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(23):7718-7728. Google Scholar
[40]	Pan J H, Wen Y. Estimation and spatial-temporal characteristics of carbon sink in the arid region of northwest China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(23):7718-7728. Google Scholar
[41]	张璐, 王静, 施润和. 2000—2010年东北三省碳源汇时空动态遥感研究[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2015(4):164-173. Google Scholar
[42]	Zhang L, Wang J, Shi R H. Temporal-spatial variations of carbon sink / source in Northeast China from 2000 to 2010[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2015(4):164-173. Google Scholar
[43]	童晓伟, 王克林, 岳跃民, 等. 桂西北喀斯特区域植被变化趋势及其对气候和地形的响应[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(12):3425-3434. Google Scholar
[44]	Tong X W, Wang K L, Yue Y M, et al. Trends in vegetation and their responses to climate and topography in northwest Guangxi[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(12):3425-3434. Google Scholar
[45]	刘逸滨, 刘宝元, 成城, 等. 退耕还林草20年来榆林市植被覆盖度时空变化及影响因素分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022, 36(2):197-208,218. Google Scholar
[46]	Liu Y B, Liu B Y, Cheng C, et al. Spatio-temporal changes and influencing factors of vegetation coverage in Yulin city during the past 20 years since the implementation of the “Grain for Green” Program[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2022, 36(2):197-208,218. Google Scholar
[47]	冯娴慧, 曾芝琳, 张德顺. 基于MODIS NDVI数据的粤港澳大湾区植被覆盖时空演变[J]. 中国城市林业, 2022, 20(1):1-6,28. Google Scholar
[48]	Feng X H, Zeng Z L, Zhang D S. Temporal-spatial evolution of vegetation coverage in Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Greater Bay Area based on MODIS NDVI data[J]. Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry, 2022, 20(1):1-6,28. Google Scholar
[49]	张亮, 蒋军. 基于MODIS-NDVI的地表植被时空变化特征及其与环境因子的关系[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2022, 50(4):57-63. Google Scholar
[50]	Zhang L, Jiang J. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of surface vegetation and its relationship with environmental factors based on MODIS-NDVI[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 50(4):57-63. Google Scholar
[51]	范微维. 2000—2014年三江源区植被NDVI时空变化特征与气候变化响应分析[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学, 2017. Google Scholar
[52]	Fan W W. Analysis of NDVI changes and its climate driving factors in the Three River-Headwater region during 2000—2014[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2017. Google Scholar
[53]	张翀, 李强, 李忠峰. 三江源地区人类活动对植被覆盖的影响[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2014, 24(5):139-144. Google Scholar
[54]	Zhang C, Li Q, Li Z F. Influence of human activities on variation of vegetation cover in the Three-River Source region[J]. China Population,Resources and Environment, 2014, 24(5):139-144. Google Scholar
[55]	邵全琴, 刘纪远, 黄麟, 等. 2005—2009年三江源自然保护区生态保护和建设工程生态成效综合评估[J]. 地理研究, 2013, 32(9):1645-1656. Google Scholar
[56]	Shao Q Q, Liu J Y, H L, et al. Integrated assessment on the effectiveness of ecological conservation in Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve[J]. Geographical Research, 2013, 32(9):1645-1656. Google Scholar
[57]	李璠, 徐维新. 2000—2015年青海省不同功能区NDVI时空变化分析[J]. 草地学报, 2017, 25(4):701-710. Google Scholar
[58]	Li F, Xu W X. Spatial and temporal variation of NDVl in different functional areas of Qinghai from 2000 to 2015[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(4):701-710. Google Scholar
[59]	李辉霞, 刘国华, 傅伯杰. 基于NDVI的三江源地区植被生长对气候变化和人类活动的响应研究[J]. 生态学报, 2011, 31(19):5495-5504. Google Scholar
[60]	Li H X, Liu G H, Fu B J. Response of vegetation to climate change and human activity based on NDVl in the Three-River Headwaters region[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(19):5495-5504. Google Scholar
[61]	刘宪锋, 任志远, 林志慧, 等. 2000-2011年三江源区植被覆盖时空变化特征[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(7):897-908. Google Scholar
[62]	Liu X F, Ren Z Y, Lin Z H, et al. The spatial-temporal changes of vegetation coverage in the Three-River Headwater region in recent 12 years[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(7):897-908. Google Scholar
[63]	Shi P J, Sun S, Wang M, et al. Climate change regionalization in China (1961—2010)[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2014, 57(11): 2676-2689. Google Scholar
[64]	Bao G, Bao Y H, Sanjjava A, et al. NDVI-indicated long-term vegetation dynamics in Mongolia and their response to climate change at biome scale[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 2015, 35(14): 4293-4306. Google Scholar
[65]	Sun J, Zhou T C, Liu M, et al. Water and heat availability are drivers of the aboveground plant carbon accumulation rate in alpine grasslands on the Xizang Plateau[J]. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2020, 29(1): 50-64. Google Scholar
[66]	Zhang X L, Tan Y L, Li A, et al. Water and nitrogen availability co-control ecosystem CO2 exchange in a semiarid temperate steppe[J]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5:15549. Google Scholar
[67]	Zhang X L, Tan Y L, Zhang B W, et al. The impacts of precipitation increase and nitrogen addition on soil respiration in a semiarid temperate steppe[J]. Ecosphere, 2017, 8(1):e01655. Google Scholar
[68]	张晓琳, 翟鹏辉, 黄建辉. 降水和氮沉降对草地生态系统碳循环影响研究进展[J]. 草地学报, 2018, 26(2):284-288. Google Scholar
[69]	Zhang X L, Zhai P H, Huang J H. Advances in the influences of precipitation and nitrogen deposition change on the carbon cycle of grassland ecosystem[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2018, 26(2):284-288. Google Scholar
[70]	陈晨, 王义民, 黎云云, 等. 黄河流域1982—2015年不同气候区植被时空变化特征及其影响因素[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2022, 39(2):56-62,81. Google Scholar
[71]	Chen C, Wang Y M, Li Y Y, et al. Vegetation changes and influencing factors in different climatic regions of Yellow River basin from 1982 to 2015[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2022, 39(2):56-62,81. Google Scholar
[72]	贾俊鹤, 刘会玉, 林振山. 中国西北地区植被NPP多时间尺度变化及其对气候变化的响应[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(14):5058-5069. Google Scholar
[73]	Jia J H, Liu H Y, Lin Z S. Multi-time scale changes of vegetation NPP in six provinces of northwest China and their responses to climate change[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(14):5058-5069. Google Scholar
[74]	商沙沙, 廉丽姝, 马婷, 等. 近54 a中国西北地区气温和降水的时空变化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018, 35(1):68-76. Google Scholar
[75]	Shang S S, Lian L S, Ma T, et al. Spatiotemporal variation of temperature and precipitation in northwest China in recent 54 years[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2018, 35(1):68-76. Google Scholar