2021 No. 5
Article Contents

SU Jian-chao, LI Chang-an, WU Zhong-hai, LIN Xu, LI Ya-wei, GUO Ru-jun. 2021. Detrital Apatite Trace Element Characteristics of Main Rivers aroundJianghan Basin and an Analysis of Their Provenance Discriminant Indicators. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, (5): 641-650. doi: 10.3975/cagsb.2021.033101
Citation: SU Jian-chao, LI Chang-an, WU Zhong-hai, LIN Xu, LI Ya-wei, GUO Ru-jun. 2021. Detrital Apatite Trace Element Characteristics of Main Rivers aroundJianghan Basin and an Analysis of Their Provenance Discriminant Indicators. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, (5): 641-650. doi: 10.3975/cagsb.2021.033101

Detrital Apatite Trace Element Characteristics of Main Rivers aroundJianghan Basin and an Analysis of Their Provenance Discriminant Indicators

More Information
  • Corresponding author: LIN Xu  
  • Sediments deposited in the Jianghan Basin record important information about the formation and evolution of the Yangtze River, and hence the provenance tracer of detrital materials in the basin has always been a hot topic, but the timing of the cutting through the Yangtze River is still inconclusive.Apatite is a common accessory mineral in fluvial sediments, and trace elements of apatite are mainly affected by their source rocks and significant differences in the trace elements of apatite existent in different regions, so it can be used as a good indicator of source minerals.On such a basis, the authors used the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) in combination with the multi-dimensional identification (MDS) of statistical method to systematically analyze new indicator so as to distinguish the provenance of the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River; the MDS diagram also verifies the rationality of the characteristic elements indicators.The results indicate that the Sr/Y ratio of detrital apatite can be used to distinguish the provenance of Hanjiang River, Yuanjiang River, Xiangjiang River and main stream of the Yangtze River in the study area.The bivariate diagrams of trace elements of Nd-Sm, Sm-Eu, Eu-Gd and La/Yb-La/Sm can effectively distinguish the provenance of the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River.On the whole, the trace element ratio diagram and distribution characteristics of REE have great potential in the study of provenance tracer in large rivers.
  • 加载中
  • 邓宾, 曾璐, 周庆, 姜磊, DAVID C.2017.碎屑岩磷灰石单矿物多法定年进展与应用[J].地质科技情报, 36(01): 77-86.

    Google Scholar

    何梦颖, 郑洪波, 黄湘通, 贾军涛, 李玲.2011.长江流域沉积物黏土矿物组合特征及物源指示意义[J].沉积学报, 29(3):544-551.

    Google Scholar

    何梦颖, 郑洪波, 贾军涛.2013.长江现代沉积物碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及 Hf同位素组成与物源示踪研究[J].第四纪研究, 33(4): 656-670.

    Google Scholar

    康春国, 李长安, 王节涛, 邵磊.2009.江汉平原沉积物重矿物特征及其对三峡贯通的指示[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报, 34(3): 419-427.

    Google Scholar

    李长安.1998.桐柏-大别山掀斜隆升对长江中游环境的影响[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报, 4(6): 562-566.

    Google Scholar

    李长安, 殷鸿福, 俞立中, 陈中原.2000.流域环境系统演化概念模型: 山-河-湖-海互动及对全球变化的敏感响应: 以长江为例[J].长江流域资源与环境, 9(3): 358-363.

    Google Scholar

    李景瑞, 刘升发, 冯秀丽, 孙兴全, 石学法.2016.孟加拉湾中部表层沉积物稀土元素特征及其物源指示意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 36(4): 41-50.

    Google Scholar

    林旭, 刘静, 彭保发, 李长安, 吴泉源.2017.青藏高原周围河流基岩和碎屑矿物低温热年代学研究进展[J].地震地质, 39(6): 1091-1110.

    Google Scholar

    林旭, 刘静.2019.江汉和洞庭盆地与周缘造山带盆山耦合研究进展[J].地震地质, 41(2): 499-520.

    Google Scholar

    林旭, 赵希涛, 吴中海, 李长安, 刘海金, 李兆宁.2020.渤海湾周缘主要河流钾长石物源示踪指标研究[J].地质科技通报, 39(6): 10-18.

    Google Scholar

    林旭, 刘静, 吴中海, 李长安, 刘海金.2021.渤海湾盆地河流沉积物扩散研究: 碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和磷灰石原位地球化学元素双重约束[J].地质力学学报, 27(2): 304-316.

    Google Scholar

    刘海金, 龚志军, 林旭.2021.渤海主要汇入河流碎屑磷灰石地球化学特征及成因分析[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 41(4):74-86.

    Google Scholar

    汤倩, 孙晓明, 梁金龙, 徐莉, 翟伟, 梁业恒.2007.CCSD HP-UHP变质岩中磷灰石稀土元素(REE)地球化学及其示踪意义[J].岩石学报, 23(12): 3255-3266.

    Google Scholar

    王节涛, 李长安, 杨勇, 王秋良.2009.江汉平原周老孔中碎屑锆石 LA-ICP-MS定年及物源示踪[J].第四纪研究, 29(2):343-351.

    Google Scholar

    向芳, 朱利东, 王成善, 杨文光.2006.宜昌地区第四纪沉积物中玄武岩砾石特征及其与长江三峡贯通的关系[J].地球科学与环境学报, 28(2): 6-10.

    Google Scholar

    杨守业, 李从先, JUNG H S, CHOI M S.2003.黄河沉积物中REE制约与示踪意义再认识[J].自然科学进展, 13(1):365-371.

    Google Scholar

    杨守业.2006.亚洲主要河流的沉积地球化学示踪研究进展[J].地球科学进展, 21(6): 648-655.

    Google Scholar

    杨文光, 谢昕, 郑洪波, 朱利东.2012.南海北部陆坡高速堆积体沉积物稀土元素特征及其物源意义[J].矿物岩石, 11(1): 74-81.

    Google Scholar

    中国人民共和国水利部.2019.中国河流泥沙公报[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社: 1-21.

    Google Scholar

    张宏飞, 高山.2012.地球化学[M].北京: 地质出版社: 130-136.

    Google Scholar

    赵振华.2010.副矿物微量元素地球化学特征在成岩成矿作用研究中的应用[J].地学前缘, 17(1): 267-286.

    Google Scholar

    ALIBO D S, NOZAKI Y.1999.Rare earth elements in seawater:particle association, shale-normalization, and Ce oxidation - A study along the slopes of Sagami and Nankai Troughs near Japan[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63(3-4):363-372.

    Google Scholar

    BELOUSOVAE E A, GRIFFIN W L, O'REILLY S Y, FISHER N I.2002.Apatite as an indicator mineral for mineral exploration:trace-element compositions and their relationship to host rock type[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 76(1): 45-69.

    Google Scholar

    CAO Ming-jian, LI Guang-ming, QIN Ke-zhang, SEITMURATOVA E Y, LIU Yong-sheng.2012.Major and trace element characteristics of apatites in granitoids from Central Kazakhstan: implications for petrogenesis and mineralization[J].Resource Geology, 62(1): 63-83.

    Google Scholar

    CHAKRAPANI G J.2005.Major and trace element geochemistry in upper Ganga river in the Himalayas, India[J].Environmental Geology, 48(2): 189-201.

    Google Scholar

    CLARK M K, SCHOENBOHM L M, ROYDEN L H, WHIPPLE, K X, BURCHFIEL B C, ZHANG X, TANG W, WANG E, CHEN L.2004.Surface uplift, tectonics, and erosion of eastern Xizang from large-scale drainage patterns[J].Tectonics, 23(1): 6.1-6.20.

    Google Scholar

    CLIFT P D, LONG H V, HINTON R, ELLAM R M, HANNIGAN R, TAN M T, BLUSZTAJN J, DUC N A.2008.Evolving east Asian river systems reconstructed by trace element and Pb and Nd isotope variations in modern and ancient Red River-Song Hong sediments[J].Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9(4): 1-29.

    Google Scholar

    DENG Bin, CHEW D, JIANG Lei, MARK C, COGNE N, WANG Zi-jian, LIU Shu-gen.2018.Heavy mineral analysis and detrital U-Pb ages of the intracontinental Paleo-Yangzte basin:Implications for a transcontinental source-to-sink system during Late Cretaceous time[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin, 130(11-12): 2087-2109.

    Google Scholar

    DENG Bin, ZENG Lu, ZHOU Qing, JIANG Lei, DAVID C.2017.A review of detrital apatite single-grain LA-ICPMS multi-dating[J].Geological Science and Technology Information, 36(1): 77-86(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    FLEET M E, PAN Y.1995.Site preference of rare earth elements in fluorapatite[J].American Mineralogist, 80: 329-335.

    Google Scholar

    FOSTER G L, CARTER A.2007.Insights into the patterns and locations of erosion in the Himalaya: A combined fission-track and in situ Sm-Nd isotopic study of detrital apatite[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 257(3-4): 407-418.

    Google Scholar

    HE Meng-ying, ZHENG Hong-bo, HUANG Xiang-tong, JIA Jun-tao, LI Ling.2011.Clay mineral assemblages in the Yangtze drainage and provenance implications[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 29(3): 544-551(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    HE Meng-ying, ZHENG Hong-bo, JIA Jun-tao.2013.Detrital zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotope of modern sediments in the Yangtze River: Implications for the Sediment Provenance[J].Quaternary Sciences, 33(4): 656-670(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    HU Zhao-chu, ZHANG Wen, LIU Yong-Sheng, GAO Shan, LI Ming, ZONG Ke-qing, CHEN Hai-hong, HU Shen-hong.2015.“Wave” signal smoothing and mercury removing device for laser ablation quadrupole and multiple collector ICP-MS analysis: application to lead isotope analysis[J].Analytical Chemistry, 87: 1152-1157.

    Google Scholar

    JIANG Hua-jun, LI Chang-an, KANG Chun-guo, ZHANG Yu-fen, WEI Chuan-yi, ZHAO Ju-xing, LI Ya-wei.2020.Provenance discrimination of upper Yangtze River basin sediments: New insights from heavy mineral signatures and detrital magnetite geochemistry[J].Quaternary International, 568: 79-89.

    Google Scholar

    KANG Chun-guo, LI Chang-an, WANG Jie-tao, SHAO Lei.2009.Heavy minerals characteristics of sediments in Jianghan plain and its indication to the forming of the Three Gorges[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 34(3):419-427(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    LI Chang-an, YIN Hong-fu, YU Li-zhong, CHEN Zhong-yuan.2000.Concept model on the fluvial environment system:mountain-river-lake-sea interaction and sensitive responding to global change[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 9(3): 358-363(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    LI Chang-an.1998.Effect of tilted uplift of Tongbai-Dabie mountains on middle Yangtze river environment[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 4(6):562-566(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    LI Chuan-shun, SHI Xue-fa, KAO Shuh-ji, LIU Yan-guang, LYU Hua-hua, ZOU Jian-jun, LIU Sheng-fa, QIAO Shu-qing.2013.Rare earth elements in fine-grained sediments of major rivers from the high-standing island of Taiwan[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 69(1): 39-47.

    Google Scholar

    LI Jing-rui, LIU Sheng-fa, FENG Xiu-li, SUN Xing-quan, SHI Xue-fa.2016.Rare earth element geochemistry of surface sediments in mid-bengal bay and implications for provenance[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 36(4):41-50(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    LIN Xu, LIU Jing, PENG Bao-fa, LI Chang-an, WU Quan-yuan.2017.A review of Low-temperature thermochronology on bedrock and detritus from rivers around the Xizang plateau[J].Seismology and Geology, 39(6): 1091-1110(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    LIN Xu, LIU Jing, WU Zhong-hai, LI Chang-an, LIU Hai-jin.2021.The studying of fluvial sediments spreading in Bohai Bay Basin--double constraints from detrital zircon U-Pb age and in situ geochemical element of apatite grains[J].Journal of Geomechanics, 27(2): 304-316(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    LIN Xu, LIU Jing.2019.A review of mountain-basin coupling of Jianghan and Dongting basin with their surrounding mountains[J].Seismology and Geology, 41(2): 499-520(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    LIN Xu, ZHAO Xi-tao, WU Zhong-hai, LI chang-an, LIU Hai-jin, LI Zhao-ning.2020.Source tracing elements of K-feldspars of main river around Bohai bay basin[J].Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 39(6): 10-18(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    LIU Hai-jin, GONG Zhi-jun, LIN Xu.2021.Study on geochemical characteristics of detrital apatite source in Bohai Sea[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 41(4): 74-86(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    LIU Shao-feng, STEEL R, ZHANG Guo-wei.2005.Mesozoic sedimentary basin development and tectonic implication, northern Yangtze Block, eastern China: record of continent-continent collision[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 25(1): 9-27.

    Google Scholar

    LIU Shao-feng, ZHANG Guo-wei.2013.Mesozoic basin development and its indication of collisional orogeny in the Dabie orogen[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 58(8): 827-852.

    Google Scholar

    LIU Yong-sheng, HU Zhao-chu, GAO Shan, GÜNTHER D, XU Juan., GAO Chang-gui, CHEN Hai-hong.2008.In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard[J].Chemical Geology, 257: 34-43.

    Google Scholar

    MALUSÀ M G, WANG Jian-gang, GARZANTI E, LIU Zhi-chao, VILLA I M, WITTMANN M.2017.Trace-element and Nd-isotope systematics in detrital apatite of the Po river catchment: Implications for provenance discrimination and the lag-time approach to detrital thermochronology[J].Lithos, 290-291(6): 48-59.

    Google Scholar

    Ministry of Water Resources the People’s Republic of China.2019.China river sediment Bulletin[M].Beijing: China Waterpower Press: 1-21(in Chinese).

    Google Scholar

    MUNKSGAARD N C, LIM K, PARRY D L.2003.Rare earth elements as provenance indicators in North Australian estuarine and coastal marine sediments[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 57(3): 399-409.

    Google Scholar

    MURRAY R W.1994.Chemical criteria to identify the depositional environment of chert: general principles and applications[J].Sedimentary Geology, 90(3-4): 213-232.

    Google Scholar

    O'SULLIVAN G, CHEW D, KENNY G, HENRICHS I, MULLIGAN D.2019.The trace element composition of apatite and its application to detrital provenance studies[J/OL].Earth-Science Reviews[2019-11-25].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.

    Google Scholar

    PAN Li-chuan, HU Rui-zhong, WANG Xi-song, BI Xian-wu, ZHU Jing-jing, LI Chu-si.2016.Apatite trace element and halogen compositions as petrogenetic-metallogenic indicators: Examples from four granite plutons in the Sanjiang region SW China[J].Lithos, 254-255: 118-130.

    Google Scholar

    PICCOLI P M, CANDELA P A.2002.Apatite in igneous systems[J].Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry, 48(1): 255-292.

    Google Scholar

    SHAO Lei, LI Chang-an, YUAN Sheng-yuan, KANG Chun-guo, WANG Jie-tao, LI Ting.2012.Neodymium isotopic variations of the late Cenozoic sediments in the Jianghan Basin: Implications for sediment source and evolution of the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 45: 57-64.

    Google Scholar

    SHEN Chuan-bo, MEI Lian-fu, PENG Lei, CHEN You-zhi, YANG Zhao, HONG Guang-fu.2012.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon age constraints on the provenance of Cretaceous sediments in the Yichang area of the Jianghan Basin, central China[J].Cretaceous Research, 34: 172-183.

    Google Scholar

    SHOLKOVITZ E R, LANDING W M, LEWIS B L.1994.Ocean particle chemistry: The fractionation of rare earth elements between suspended particles and seawater[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58(6): 1567-1579.

    Google Scholar

    SUN Xi-lin, KUIPER K F, TIAN Yun-tao, LI Chang-an, ZHANG Zeng-jie, WIJBRANS J R.2020a.Comparison of detrital zircon U-Pb and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar ages in the Yangtze sediment:Implications for provenance studies[J].Minerals, 10(7): 1-15.

    Google Scholar

    SUN Xi-lin, KUIPER K F, TIAN Yun-tao, LI Chang-an, ZHANG Zeng-jie, GEMIGNANI L, GUO Ru-jun, DE BREIJ V H L, WIJBRANS J R.2020b.40Ar/39Ar mica dating of late Cenozoic sediments in SE Xizang: implications for sediment recycling and drainage evolution[J].Journal of the Geological Society, 177(4): 843-854.

    Google Scholar

    SUN Xi-lin, TIAN Yun-tao, KUIPER K F, LI Chang-an, ZHANG Zeng-jie, WIJBRANS J R.2021.No Yangtze River prior to the late Miocene: Evidence from detrital muscovite and K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar geochronology[J].Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2020GL089903.

    Google Scholar

    TANG Qian, SUN Xiao-ming, LIANG Jin-long, XU Li, ZHAI Ye-heng.2007.Rare earth elements(REE) geochemistry of apatite in HP-UHP metamorphic rocks from chinese continental scientific drilling(CCSD) project and their implications[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 23(12): 3255-3266(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    TAYLOR S R, MCLENNAN S M.1985.The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution[M].New York: Oxford University Press: 307-312.

    Google Scholar

    VERMEESCH P, RESENTINI A, GARZANTI E.2016.An R package for statistical provenance analysis[J].Sedimentary Geology, 336: 14-25.

    Google Scholar

    WANG Jie-tao, LI Chang-an, YANG Yong, WANG Qiu-liang.2009.The LA-ICPMS U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology and provenance study of sedimentary core in the Zhoulao town, the Jianghan plain, China[J].Quaternary Sciences, 29(2):343-351(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    WANG Ping, ZHENG Hong-bo, LIU Shao-feng, HOKE G D.2018.Late cretaceous drainage reorganization of the middle Yangtze river[J].Lithosphere, 10(3): 392-405.

    Google Scholar

    WEI Chuan-yi, PIERRE V, ZHANG Yu-fen, BAHAIN J J, LIU Chun-ru, KANG Chun-guo, YIN Gong-ming, SUN Xi-lin, LI Chang-an.2020a.Chronology and provenance of the Yichang gravel layer deposits in the Jianghan Basin, middle Yangtze river valley, China: Implications for the timing of channelization of the Three Gorges Valley[J].Quaternary International, 550(3): 39-54.

    Google Scholar

    WEI Chuan-yi, YIN Gong-ming, LI Ya-wei, LIU Chun-ru, LI Wen-peng, GUO Ru-jun.2020b.Quartz electron spin resonance signal intensity of Al and Ti-Li centers as a provenance indicator: An example from the Yangtze River Basin[J].Quaternary International, 562(1): 76-84.

    Google Scholar

    WISSINK G K, HOKE G D, GARZIONE C N, ZENG JINGLIU.2016.Temporal and spatial patterns of sediment routing across the southeast margin of the Xizang Plateau: Insights from detrital zircon[J].Tectonics, 35(11-12): 2538-2563.

    Google Scholar

    XIANG Fang, ZHU Li-dong, WANG Cheng-shan, YANG Wen-guang.2006.Character of basaltic gravels in quaternary sediments in Yichang area and its relationship with formation of Yangtze Three Gorges[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 28(2): 6-10(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    XU Zhao-kai, LIM D, CHOI J, YANG Shou-ye, JUNG H.2009.Rare earth elements in bottom sediments of major rivers around the Yellow Sea: implications for sediment provenance[J].Geo-Marine Letters, 29(5): 291-300.

    Google Scholar

    YANG Chao-qun, SHEN Chuan-bo, ZATTIN M, YU Wu, SHI Shao-xian, MEI Lian-fu.2019.Provenances of Cenozoic sediments in the Jianghan Basin and implications for the formation of the Three Gorges[J].International Geology Review, 61(1): 1980-1999.

    Google Scholar

    YANG Shou-ye, JUNG H S, CHOI M S, LI Cong-xian.2002.The rare earth element compositions of the Changjiang (Yangtze)and Huanghe (Yellow) river sediments[J].Earth Planetary ence Letters, 201(2): 407-419.

    Google Scholar

    YANG Shou-ye, LI Cong-xian, JUNG H S, CHOI M S.2003.Recognize the controlling and tracing implication of REE of Yellow River sediments[J].Progress in Nature Science, 13(1):365-371(in Chinese).

    Google Scholar

    YANG Shou-ye.2006.Advances in sedimentary geochemistry and tracing applications of Asian River[J].Advances in Earth Science, 21(6): 648-655(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    YANG Wen-guang, XIE Xin, ZHENG Hong-bo, ZHU Li-dong.2012.Rare earth element characteristic of sediment from high-deposition-rate sediment in the North slope of South China sea and its provenance significance[J].Mineral Petrol., 11(1): 74-81(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    ZHANG Hong-fei, GAO Shan.2012.Geochemistry[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House: 130-136.

    Google Scholar

    ZHANG Yu-fen, LI Chang-an, WANG Qiu-liang, CHEN Liang, MA Yong-fa, KANG Chun-guo.2008.Magnetism parameters characteristics of drilling deposits in Jianghan Plain and indication for forming of the Yangtze River Three Gorges[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 53(4): 584-590.

    Google Scholar

    ZHANG Zeng-jie, TYRRELL S, LI Chang-an, DALY J S, SUN Xi-lin, BLOWICK A, LIN Xu.2016.Provenance of detrital K-feldspar in Jianghan Basin sheds new light on the Pliocene-Pleistocene evolution of the Yangtze River[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin, 128(3): 1339-1351.

    Google Scholar

    ZHAO Zhen-hua.2010.Trace element geochemistry of accessory minerals and its applications in petrogenesis and metallogenesis[J].Earth Science Frontiers, 17(1): 267-286(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    ZHENG Hong-bo, CLIFT P D, WANG Ping, TADA R, JIA Jun-tao, HE Meng-ying, JOURDAN F.2013.Pre-Miocene birth of the Yangtze River[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(19): 7556-7561.

    Google Scholar

    ZHENG Hong-bo, CLIFT P D, HE Meng-ying, BIAN Zi-xuan, LIU Gao-zheng, LIU Xiao-chun, XIA Lei, YANG Qong, JOURDAN F.2020.Formation of the First Bend in the late Eocene gave birth to the modern Yangtze River, China[J].Geology, 49(1):doi:10.1130/G48149.1.

    Google Scholar

  • 加载中
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Article Metrics

Article views(110) PDF downloads(21) Cited by(0)

Access History

Catalog

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint