ESTIMATES OF THE ORIGINS OF ORGANIC MATTER IN THE OLD-HUANGHE ESTUARY USING THE BIT ⅡNDEX

ZHAO Meixun; GAO Wenxian; XING Lei; ZHANG Yuzhuo; LI Li; LIU Jian

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1140.2011.04029

2011 Vol. 31, No. 4

Article Contents

Article navigation > Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology > 2011 > 31(4): 29-37

Next Article Previous Article

ZHAO Meixun, GAO Wenxian, XING Lei, ZHANG Yuzhuo, LI Li, LIU Jian. ESTIMATES OF THE ORIGINS OF ORGANIC MATTER IN THE OLD-HUANGHE ESTUARY USING THE BIT ⅡNDEX[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2011, 31(4): 29-37. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1140.2011.04029

Citation:

ZHAO Meixun, GAO Wenxian, XING Lei, ZHANG Yuzhuo, LI Li, LIU Jian. ESTIMATES OF THE ORIGINS OF ORGANIC MATTER IN THE OLD-HUANGHE ESTUARY USING THE BIT ⅡNDEX[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2011, 31(4): 29-37. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1140.2011.04029

ESTIMATES OF THE ORIGINS OF ORGANIC MATTER IN THE OLD-HUANGHE ESTUARY USING THE BIT ⅡNDEX

1 Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;
2 Institute of Marine Organic Geochemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;
3 Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266100, China

Received Date: 10 May 2011

Revised Date: 20 May 2011

Abstract

Abstract

Distinguishing the sources of organic matters in marginal sea sediments is an important aspect of carbon cycle research. The BIT index, as a new proxy for terrestrial organic matter, has been recently used to quantitatively estimate sources of organic matters in estuary and marginal sea sediments. Based on the ratio of crenarchaeol (derived from aquatic crenarchaeota) to Branched GDGTs (produced by soil bacteria), the BIT index has the advantages that the biomarkers have specific origins and they are less affected by diagenesis. So far, the BIT index has not yet been applied to marginal seas of China. We report the contents of microbial biomarkers and the BIT index of 31 surface sediment samples from the western Yellow Sea near the Old-Huanghe River estuary. Our results show higher BIT values (>0.15) for samples close to the Old-Huanghe River, and lower BIT values seaward. The contents of Branched GDGTs range between 5 and 94 ng/g, showing a similar spatial trend with the BIT index. Another biomarker ratio index of terrestrial organic matter, the ATB index (ratio of terrestrial odd-numbered n-alkanes to marine phytoplankton biomarkers), also reveals a similar spatial pattern with higher values near the Old-Huanghe River estuary and decreasing values seaward. However, the absolute values of ATB index are much higher than the BIT values. The differences between ATB and BIT most likely reflect the fact that the ATB index contains both vegetation and soil organic matter input while the BIT index only represents soil organic matter, but they could be caused by different degradation rates of the compounds in the BIT and ATB index.
- BIT index /
- terrestrial input /
- biomarker /
- South Yellow Sea /
- Old-Huanghe

FullText(HTML)

References

[1]	Hopmans E C,Weijers J W H,SchefuβE,et al.A novel proxy for terrestrial organic matter in sediments based on branched and isoprenoid tetraether lipids[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004,224(1-2):107-116. Google Scholar
[2]	Muller-Karger F E,Varela R,Thunell R,et al.The importance of continental margins in the global carbon cycle[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32:1-4. Google Scholar
[3]	Hedges J I,Keil R G,Benner R.What happens to terrestrial organic matter in the ocean?[J].Organic Geochemistry,1997,27(5-6):195-212. Google Scholar
[4]	KerhervÉP,Minagawa M,Heussner S,et al.Stable isotopes (¹³C/¹²C and ¹⁵N/¹⁴N) in settling organic matter of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea:biogeochemical implications[J].Oceanologica Acta,2001,24:77-85. Google Scholar
[5]	Meyers P A.Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter[J].Chemical Geology,1994,114(3-4):289-302. Google Scholar
[6]	Meyers P A.Organic geochemical proxies of paleoceanographic,paleolimnologic,and paleoclimatic processes[J].Organic Geochemistry,1997,27(5-6):213-250. Google Scholar
[7]	Kim J H,Schouten S,Buscail R,et al.Origin and distribution of terrestrial organic matter in the NW Mediterranean (Gulf of Lions):Exploring the newly developed BIT index[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2006,7(11):1-20. Google Scholar
[8]	Goñi M A,Ruttenberg K C,Eglinton T I.A reassessment of the sources and importance of land-derived organic matter in surface sediments from the Gulf of Mexico[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1998,62(18):3055-3075. Google Scholar
[9]	Eglinton G,Hamilton R J.Leaf epicuticular waxes[J].Science,1967,156:1322-1335. Google Scholar
[10]	Blumer M,Guillard R R L,Chase T.Hydrocarbons of marine phytoplankton[J].Marine Biology,1971,8(3):183-189. Google Scholar
[11]	Meyers P A,Ishiwatari R.Lacustrine organic geochemistry-an overview of indicators of organic matter sources and diagenesis in lake sediments[J].Organic Geochemistry,1993,20(7):867-900. Google Scholar
[12]	张枝焕,陶澍,吴水平,等.天津地区表层土壤和河流沉积物中正构烷烃化合物的成因分析[J].地球与环境,2005,33(1):15-22. Google Scholar [ZHANG Zhihuan,TAO Shu,WU Shuiping,et al.Genetic analysis of normal alkane contaminants in the surface soils and fluvial sediments from Tianjin region[J].Earth And Environment,2005,33(1):15-22.] Google Scholar
[13]	Weijers J W H,Schouten S,Spaargaren O C,et al.Occurrence and distribution of tetraether membrane lipids in soils:Implications for the use of the TEX86 proxy and the BIT index[J].Organic Geochemistry,2006,37(12):1680-1693. Google Scholar
[14]	Powers L A,Werne J P,Johnson T C,et al.Crenarchaeotal membrane lipids in lake sediments:A new paleotemperature proxy for continental paleoclimate reconstruction?[J].Geology,2004,32(7):613-616. Google Scholar
[15]	Sinninghe DamstéJ S,Schouten S,Hopmans E C,et al.Crenarchaeol:the characteristic core glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether membrane lipid of cosmopolitan pelagic crenarchaeota[J].Journal of Lipid Research,2002,43:1641-1651. Google Scholar
[16]	Walsh E M,Ingalls A E,Keil R G.Sources and transport of terrestrial organic matter in Vancouver Island fjords and the Vancouver-Washington Margin:A multiproxy approach using δ¹³C_org,lignin phenols,and the ether lipid BIT index[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2008,53(3):1054-1063. Google Scholar
[17]	Weijers J W H,Schouten S,Linden M v d,et al.Water table related variations in the abundance of intact archaeal membrane lipids in a Swedish peat bog[J].FEMS microbiology letters,2004,239:51-56. Google Scholar
[18]	Schouten S,Hopmans E C,Pancost R D,et al.Widespread occurrence of structurally diverse tetraether membrane lipids:evidence for the ubiquitous presence of low-temperature relatives of hyperthermophiles[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2000,97(26):14421-14426. Google Scholar
[19]	Kuypers M M M,Blokker P,Erbacher J,et al.Massive expansion of marine archaea during a mid-Cretaceous oceanic anoxic event[J].Science,2001,293:93-99. Google Scholar
[20]	Kim J H,Ludwig W,Schouten S,et al.Impact of flood events on the transport of terrestrial organic matter to the ocean:A study of the Têt River (SW France) using the BIT index[J].Organic Geochemistry,2007,38(10):1593-1606. Google Scholar
[21]	Herfort L,Schouten S,Boon J P,et al.Characterization of transport and deposition of terrestrial organic matter in the southern North Sea using the BIT index[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2006,51(5):2196-2205. Google Scholar
[22]	Weijers J W H,Schouten S,Schefuβ E,et al.Disentangling marine,soil and plant organic carbon contributions to continental margin sediments:A multi-proxy approach in a 20,000 year sediment record from the Congo deep-sea fan[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2009,73:119-132. Google Scholar
[23]	Smith R W,Bianchi T S,Savage C.Comparison of lignin phenols and branched/isoprenoid tetraethers (BIT index) as indices of terrestrial organic matter in Doubtful Sound,Fiordland,New Zealand[J].Organic Geochemistry,2010,41(3):281-290. Google Scholar
[24]	Meybeck M.Total mineral dissolved transport by world major rivers[J].Hydrological Sciences Bulletin,1976,26:265-284. Google Scholar
[25]	Hay W W.Detrital sediment fluxes from continents to oceans[J].Chemical Geology,1998,145(3-4):287-323. Google Scholar
[26]	伍燕南.黄河下游河道变迁及新构造运动作用的初步分析[J].铁道师院学报,1999,16(1):21-26. Google Scholar [WU Yannan.Initial analysis on evolution and neotectonic movement of river course of the lower Huanghe River[J].Journal of Suzhou Railway Teachers College,1999,16(1):21-26.] Google Scholar
[27]	薛春汀,周永青,王桂玲.古黄河三角洲若干问题的思考[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(3):23-29. Google Scholar [XUE Chunting,ZHOU Yongqing,WANG Guiling.Reviews of the Yellow River delta superlobes since 700 BC[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2003,23(3):23-29.] Google Scholar
[28]	薛春汀,周永青,朱雄华.晚更新世末至公元前7世纪的黄河流向和黄河三角洲[J].海洋学报,2004,26(1):48-61. Google Scholar [XUE Chunting,ZHOU Yongqing,ZHU Xionghua.The Huanghe River course and delta from end of Late Pleistocene[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2004,26(1):48-61.] Google Scholar
[29]	Milliman J D,Meade R H.World-wide delivery of river sediment to the oceans[J].The Journal of Geology,1983,91:1-21. Google Scholar
[30]	Sampei Y,Matsumoto E.C/N ratios in a sediment core from Nakaumi Lagoon,southwest Japan-usefulness as an organic source indicator[J].Geochemical Journal,2001,35(3):189-205. Google Scholar
[31]	赵一阳,李凤业,Demaster D J,等.南黄海沉积速率与沉积通量的初步研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1991,22(1):38-43. Google Scholar [ZHAO Yiyang,LI Fengye,Demaster D J,et al.Preliminary studies on sedimentation rate and sediment flux of the south Huanghai sea[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1991,22(1):38-43.] Google Scholar
[32]	赵一阳,鄢明才,李安春,等.中国近海沿岸泥的地球化学特征及其指示意义[J].中国地质,2002,29(2):181-185. Google Scholar [ZHAO Yiyang,WU Mingcai,LI Anchun et al.Geochemistry of muds along the coast of China and their significance[J].Geology In China,2002,29(2):181-185.] Google Scholar
[33]	李凤业,史玉兰,申顺喜,等.同位素记录南黄海现代沉积环境[J].海洋与湖沼,1996,27(6):584-589. Google Scholar [LI Fengye,SHI Yulan,SHEN Shunxi,et al.Isotopic record of modern sedimentary environment in South Yellow Sea[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1996,27(6):584-589.] Google Scholar
[34]
[35]	蓝先洪,张训华,张志珣.南黄海沉积物的物质来源及运移研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2005,4:53-60.[LAN Xianhong,ZHANG Xunhua,ZHANG Zhixun.Material sources and transportation of sediments in the Southern Yellow Sea[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2005 Google Scholar ,4:53-60.] Google Scholar
[36]	Laws E A,Bannister T T.Nutrient-and light-limited growth of Thalassiosira fluviatilis in continuous culture,with implications for phytoplankton growth in the ocean[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1980,25(3):457-473. Google Scholar
[37]	沈志良,陆家平,刘兴俊,等.长江口区营养盐的分布特征及三峡工程对其影响[J].海洋科学集刊,1992,33:107-129.[SHEN Zhiliang,LU Jiaping,LIU Xingjun,et al.Distribution feature of nutrients in the Changjiang estuary and the impact of theThree Gorges project on it[J].Stud Mar Sin,1992 Google Scholar ,33:107-129.] Google Scholar
[38]	秦蕴珊,李凡,徐善民.南黄海海水中悬浮体的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1989,20(2):101-112. Google Scholar [QIN Yunshan,LI Fan,XU Shanmin.Suspended matter in the South Yellow Sea[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1989,20(2):101-112.] Google Scholar
[39]	张存勇.海州湾南部沉积物粒度分布特征[J].海岸工程,2008,27(4)::23-29. Google Scholar [ZHANG Cunyong.Grain-size Distribution Characteristics of the Sediments in the Southern Haizhou Bay[J].Coastal Engineering,2008,27(4):23-29.] Google Scholar
[40]	周德山.海州湾海域赤潮形成的环境因子研究[C]//苏州大学.苏州:苏州大学,2008:1-56.[ZHOU Deshan.Study on environment factors affecting outbreaks of red tide in Haizhou Bay Coastal waters[C]//Suzhou University,2008:1 Google Scholar -56.] Google Scholar
[41]	李凤业,高抒,贾建军,等.黄、渤海泥质沉积区现代沉积速率[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(4):364-369. Google Scholar [LI Fengye,GAO Shu,JIA Jianjun,et al.Contemporary deposition rates of fine-grained Sediment in the Bohai and Yellow seas[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2002,33(4):364-369.] Google Scholar
[42]	程振波,石学法,陈志华,等.南黄海表层沉积物中微体化石的沉积特点及物源分析[J].沉积学报,1999,17:775-781.[CHENG Zhenbo,SHI Xuefa,CHEN Zhihua,et al.The analysis of the sedimentary character of the microfossils and the material resource in the surface sediments from the south Yellow Sea[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999 Google Scholar ,17:775-781.] Google Scholar
[43]	宋召军,张志,余继峰,等.南黄海表层沉积物中粘土矿物分布及物源分析[J].山东科技大学学报,2008,27(3):1-4. Google Scholar [SONG Zhaojun,ZHANG Zhixun,YU Jifeng,et al.Study on distribution and material sources of clay minerals in surface sediments of the Southern Yellow Sea[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology,2008,27(3):1-4.] Google Scholar
[44]	蓝先洪,王红霞,李日辉,等.南黄海沉积物常量元素组成及物源分析[J].地学前缘,2007,14(4):197-203. Google Scholar [LAN Xianhong,WANG Hongxia,LI Rihui,et al.Major elements composition and provenance analysis in the sediments of the South Yellow Sea[J].Earth Science Frontier,2007,14(4):197-203.] Google Scholar
[45]	秦蕴珊,李凡,郑铁民,等.南黄海冬季海水中悬浮体的研究[J].海洋科学,1986,10(6):1-7. Google Scholar [QIN Yunshan,LI Fan,ZHENG Tiemin,et al.A study on total suspended matter in winter in the South Yellow Sea[J].Marine Sciences,1986,10(6):1-7.] Google Scholar
[46]	毛世民,许浒.淮河治理与河湖江海的关系[J].水利水电科技进展,2009,29(4):63-66. Google Scholar [MAO Shimin XU Hu.Relationship between Huaihe River,Yellow River,Hongzehu Lake,Yangtze River,and Sea[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2009,29(4):63-66.] Google Scholar
[47]	刘畅,李振海,王世岩,等.淮河入海水道工程生态影响调查研究及保护对策措施[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2007,5(2):105-114. Google Scholar [LIU Chang,LI Zhenhai,WANG Shiyan,et al.Study on ecological impact of the Huaihe River Sea-outfall project and its countermeasures[J].Journal of China Institude of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2007,5(2):105-114.] Google Scholar
[48]	戴仕宝,杨世伦,郜昂,等.近50年来中国主要河流入海泥沙变化[J].泥沙研究,2007,(2):49-58.[DAI Shibao,YANG Shilun,GAO Ang,et al.Trend of sediment flux of main rivers in China in the past 50 Google Scholar years[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2007,(2):49-58.] Google Scholar
[49]	Colombo J C,Silverberg N,Gearing J N.Lipid biogeochemistry in the Laurentian Trough-Ⅱ.Changes in composition of fatty acids,sterols and aliphatic hydrocarbons during early diagenesis[J].Organic Geochemistry,1997,26(3-4):257-274. Google Scholar
[50]	Pearson A,Eglinton T I.The origin of n-alkanes in Santa Monica Basin surface sediment:a model based on compound-specific △¹⁴C and δ¹³C data[J].Organic Geochemistry,2000,31(11):1103-1116. Google Scholar
[51]	Zhao M,Mercer J L,Eglinton G,et al.Comparative molecular biomarker assessment of phytoplankton paleoproductivity for the last 160 kyr off Cap Blanc,NW Africa[J].Organic Geochemistry,2006,37:72-97. Google Scholar