| Citation: |
Wei Wang, Yuan-dong Huang, Chong Xu, Xiao-yi Shao, Lei Li, Li-ye Feng, Hui-ran Gao, Yu-long Cui, Shuai Wu, Zhi-qiang Yang, Kai Ma, 2024. Identification and distribution of 13003 recognizable landslides in the northwest margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China Geology, 7, 171-187. doi: 10.31035/cg2023140
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Identification and distribution of 13003 recognizable landslides in the northwest margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
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Abstract
The periphery of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is renowned for its susceptibility to landslides. However, the northwestern margin of this region, characterised by limited human activities and challenging transportation, remains insufficiently explored concerning landslide occurrence and dispersion. With the planning and construction of the Xinjiang-Tibet Railway, a comprehensive investigation into disastrous landslides in this area is essential for effective disaster preparedness and mitigation strategies. By using the human-computer interaction interpretation approach, the authors established a landslide database encompassing 13003 landslides, collectively spanning an area of 3351.24 km2 (36°N-40°N, 73°E-78°E). The database incorporates diverse topographical and environmental parameters, including regional elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, distance to faults, distance to roads, distance to rivers, annual precipitation, and stratum. The statistical characteristics of number and area of landslides, landslide number density (LND), and landslide area percentage (LAP) are analyzed. The authors found that a predominant concentration of landslide origins within high slope angle regions, with the highest incidence observed in intervals characterised by average slopes of 20° to 30°, maximum slope angle above 80°, along with orientations towards the north (N), northeast (NE), and southwest (SW). Additionally, elevations above 4.5 km, distance to rivers below 1 km, rainfall between 20‒30 mm and 30‒40 mm emerge as particularly susceptible to landslide development. The study area’s geological composition primarily comprises Mesozoic and Upper Paleozoic outcrops. Both fault and human engineering activities have different degrees of influence on landslide development. Furthermore, the significance of the landslide database, the relationship between landslide distribution and environmental factors, and the geometric and morphological characteristics of landslides are discussed. The landslide H/L ratios in the study area are mainly concentrated between 0.4 and 0.64. It means the landslides mobility in the region is relatively low, and the authors speculate that landslides in this region more possibly triggered by earthquakes or located in meizoseismal area.
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Wei Wang, Yuan-dong Huang, Chong Xu, Xiao-yi Shao, Lei Li, Li-ye Feng, Hui-ran Gao, Yu-long Cui, Shuai Wu, Zhi-qiang Yang, Kai Ma, 2024. Identification and distribution of 13003 recognizable landslides in the northwest margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China Geology, 7, 171-187. doi: 10.31035/cg2023140
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Figure 1.
Tectonic background of the study area.
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Figure 2.
Geological map of the study area.
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Figure 3.
Map of influencing factors: a‒slope angle; b‒slope aspect; c‒distance to faults; d‒distance to roads; e‒distance to rivers; and f‒annual precipitation.
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Figure 4.
Demonstration of typical landslides in the study area. a‒Typical landslide locations in the study area; b‒located at 75.16°E, 39.21°N; c‒located at 75.24°E, 38.92°N; d‒located at 75.04°E, 38.78°N; e‒located at 75.19°E, 38.09°N; and f‒located at 75.68°E, 37.82°N.
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Figure 5.
Landslides photos on field. a‒c‒Iymek rock avalanche modified from Shi A et al. (2023); d‒landslides located at the southwest foot of Muztag Mountain was modified from Yuan Z et al. (2013); e‒f‒parts of Bile Jiyi landslide modified from Yuan Z et al. (2013); g‒Taheman landslide modified from Yuan Z et al. (2013); h‒Bulunkou landslide modified from Yuan Z et al. (2013); i‒a part of Attabad landslide modified from Gardezi H et al. (2021).
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Figure 6.
Distribution of landslides in the study area.
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Figure 7.
Relationship between landslides and factors. a‒Elevation; b‒average slope angle; c‒maximum slope angle; d‒slope aspect; e‒distance from the faults; f‒stratum; g‒distance from the roads; h‒distance from the rivers; and i‒annual precipitation.
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Figure 8.
Landslide H/L Schematic.
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Figure 9.
Landslide H-L relationship diagram.
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Figure 10.
Location of landslides with respect to ridges and streams.