| Citation: |
Cong Chen, Yu-chao Gu, Di Zhang, Tao-tao Wu, Ai Li, Yun-sheng Ren, Qing-qing Shang, Jian Zhang, Xiong-fei Bian, Fei Su, Jia-lin Yang, Qiu-shi Sun, Xiao-hai Li, Wan-zhen Liu, Zhen-ming Sun, Sen Zhang, Yu-hui Feng, 2024. Geology and mineralization of the Hongqiling large magmatic nickel-copper-cobalt deposit (22×104 t) in Jilin Province, China: A review, China Geology, 7, 762-796. doi: 10.31035/cg2023106
|
Geology and mineralization of the Hongqiling large magmatic nickel-copper-cobalt deposit (22×104 t) in Jilin Province, China: A review
-
Abstract
The Hongqiling large nickel-copper-cobalt deposit (hereafter referred to as the Hongqiling deposit), a typical mafic-ultramafic copper-nickel deposit in China, boasts proven Ni (Ni) resources of approximately 22×104 t, associated copper resources of 2×104 t, and associated cobalt (Co) resources of 0.5×104 t, with Ni reserves ranking 10th among China’s magmatic nickel deposits. Geotectonically, the Hongqiling deposit is situated in the superimposed zone between the Xing’an-Mongolian orogenic belt and the circum-Western Pacific’s active continental margin belt. Its ore-bearing plutons occur within the metamorphic rocks of the Ordovician Hulan Group, with the emplacement of plutons and the locations of orebodies governed by the deep-seated Huifahe fault and its secondary NW-trending Fujia-Hejiagou-Beixinglong-Changsheng fault zone. In the deposit, the rock assemblages of ore-bearing plutons predominantly encompass gabbro - pyroxenite - olivine pyroxenite - pyroxene peridotite (pluton No. 1) and norite-orthopyroxenite-harzburgite (pluton No. 7), with ore-bearing lithofacies consisting primarily of olivine pyroxenite and pyroxenite facies. The Hongqiling deposit hosts stratoid, overhanging lentoid, veined, and pure-sulfide veined orebodies. Its ores principally contain metallic minerals including pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, violarite, and pyrite. Despite unidentified magma sources of ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks, it is roughly accepted that the magmatic evolution in the Hongqiling deposit primarily involved fractional crystallization and crustal contamination. The ore-forming materials were primarily derived from the upper mantle, mixed with minor crustal materials. The ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks in the deposit, primarily emplaced during the Indosinian (208‒239 Ma), were formed in an intense extension setting followed by the collisional orogeny between the North China Plate and the Songnen-Zhangguangcai Range Block during the Middle-Late Triassic. From the perspective of the metallogenic geological setting, surrounding rocks, ore-controlling structures, and rock assemblages, this study identified one favorable condition and seven significant indicators for prospecting for Hongqiling-type nickel deposits and developed a prospecting model of the Hongqiling deposit. These serve as valuable references for exploring similar nickel deposits in the region, as well as the deep parts and margins of the Hongqiling deposit.
-
-
References
Arndt NT. 2005. The conduits of magmatic ore deposits. In: Mungall JE(ed) Exploration for platinum-group element deposits. Mineralogical Association of Canada. Short Course Series 35, 181–201. Cai QS, Fan YX, Yan XY, Wang Y, Gao MM, Yang GL, Zhang MJ, Bi K, Zhang HF, Li XH. 2023. Paleozoic rapid denudation of the Proterozoic Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide deposit, NW China: Insights from single-grain zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronology. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 255, 105762. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2023.105762. Capistrant PL, Hitzman MW, Wood D, Kelly NM, Williams G, Zimba M, Kuiper Y, Jack D, Stein H. 2015. Geology of the enterprise hydrothermal Ni deposit, North-Western Province, Zambia. Economic Geology, 110, 9–38. doi: 10.2113/econgeo.110.1.9. Chen C. 2017. Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic tectonic evolution and regional metallogenic regularity of the eastern Yanbian area, NE China. Changchun, Jilin University, Ph. D thesis, 1–201 (in Chinese with English abstract). Chen J, Zhao ZH, Yang YJ, Li CL, Yin YC, Zhao X, Zhao N, Tian JW, Li HN. 2024. Metallogenic prediction based on fractal theory and machine learning in Duobaoshan Area, Heilongjiang Province. Ore Geology Reviews, 168, 106030. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106030. Chen MY. 1979. Sulfur istopes of various types of copper deposits in China. Geology and Exploration, 06, 6–17 (in Chinese). Dai M, Yan GS, Li YS, Jia WB, Qi FY, Ju X. 2023. Melt extraction and mineralization: A case study from the Shuangjianzishan supergiant Ag-Pb-Zn deposit (208 Mt), Inner Mongolia, NE China. China Geology, 6(4), 623–645. doi: 10.31035/cg2022044. Deng Y. 2014. Geochemistry of the Huangshandong Ni-Cu deposit in northwestern China: Implications for the formation ofmagmatic sulfide mineralization in orogenic belts. Ore Geology Reviews, 56(1), 181–198. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.08.012. Dong GZ, Ye MH, Dai XG, Sun C. 2012. Petrology and geochemistry characteristics of the Cu-Ni sulfide deposits of the 3rd rocks in Hongqiling area, Jilin. Mineral Exploration, 3(3), 297–305 (in Chinese with English abstract). Ding KS, Qin KZ, Xu YX, Sun H, Xu XW, Tang DM, Mao Q, Ma YG. 2007. Typomorphic characteristics and ore—forming significance of pyrrhotite in the majorCu—Ni deposits, EastTianshan, Xinjiang. Mineral Deposits, 26 (11: 109—119(in Chinese with English abstract). Dong YS, Fan JZ, Yang YC, Sun DY. 2004. Study on the metallogenic feature and ore genesis of Hongqiling copper-nickel deposit, Jilin Province. Geoscience, 18(2), 197–202 (in Chinese with English abstract). Dong YS. 2003. Synthesis prospecting model of copper-nickel deposit of Hongqiling, Jilin Province. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2, 32–35, 57 (in Chinese with English abstract). Editorial Board of Jilin Volume of The Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China. 1991. The discovery history of mineral deposit of China, volume of Jilin Province. Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 1–137 (in Chinese). Feng GY, Liu S, Feng CX, Jia DC, Zhong H, Yu XF, Qi YQ, Wang T. 2011. Zircon U-Pb age, Sr-Nd-Hf isotope geochemistry and the petrogenesis of the ultramafic pluton in Hongqiling, Jiling Province. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 27(6), 1594–1606 (in Chinese with English abstract). Foster JG, Lambert DD, Frick LR, Maas R. 1996. Re-Os isotopic evidence for genesis of Archaean nickel ores from uncontaminated komatiites. Nature, 382(6593), 703–706. doi: 10.1038/382703a0. Fu DB, Chen EZ. 1988. Metallogenetic regularities of Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in Jilin Province. Jilin Geology, 2, 138–158 (in Chinese with English abstract). Fu YG, Gao JW, Ma MS. 2019. The discovery of Early Permian pyroxenite in Heiyingshan region in the western Inner Mongolia. Geology in China, 46(3), 668–669 (in Chinese with English abstract). Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau of Jilin Province. 1985. Regional geological survey report of Hulan Town and Hongqiling Town map sheets (1∶50000) (in Chinese). Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau of Jilin Province 1988. Regional Geology of China, volume of Jilin Province. Beijing, Geological publishing house (in Chinese). Gu LX, Zhu JL, Guo JX, Liao JJ, Yan ZF, Yang H, Wang JZ. 1994. The east Xinjiang-type mafic-ultramafic copplexes in orogenic environments. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 10(4), 339–356 (in Chinese with English abstract). Han CM, Xiao WJ, Zhao GC. 2014. Re–Os Isotopic Age of the Hongqiling Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposit in Jilin Province, NE China and its Geological Significance. Resource Geology, 64(3), 247–261. doi: 10.1111/rge.12039. Hanyu T, Tatsumi Y, Nakai SI, Chang Q, Miyazaki T, Sato K, Tani K, Shibata T, Yoshida T. 2013. Contribution of slab melting and slab dehydration to magmatism in the NE Japan arc for the last 25 Myr: Constraints from geochemistry. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 7(8), 1–29. doi: 10.1029/2005GC001220. Hao LB, Sun LJ, Zhao YY, Lu JL, Lü CD, Ma C. 2012. The No. 2 Mafic-ultramafic intrusion SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating and its geological significance in Hongqiling area of Jilin Province, China. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 42(3), 166–178 (in Chinese with English abstract). Hao LB, Sun LJ, Zhao YY, Lu JL. 2013. SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Dating of Chajian Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks in Hongqiling Mine Field, Jilin Province, and Its Implications. Earth Science, 38(2), 233–240 (in Chinese with English abstract). Hao LB, Wu C, Sun LJ, Jiang YM, Zhao YY, Lu JL, Li J. 2014. Re-Os Isotope characteristics of Hongqiling Cu-Ni Sulfide deposit in Province and its significance. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 44(2), 507–517 (in Chinese with English abstract). Heath C, Lahaye Y, Stone WE, Lambert DD. 2001. Origin of variations in Ni tenor along the strike of the Edwards Lode Ni sulfide ore body, Kambalda, Western Australia. Canadian Mineral, 39(2), 655–671. doi: 10.2113/gscanmin.39.2.655. Hofmann AW. 1986. Chemical differentiation of the earth-The relationship between mantle, continental crust, and oceanic crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 90(3), 297–314. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(88)90132-X. Holwell DA, Adeyemi Z, Ward LA, Smith DJ, Graham SD, McDonald I, Smith JW. 2017. Low temperature alteration of magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides as a source for hydrothermal Ni and PGE ores: A quantitative approach using automated mineralogy. Ore Geology Reviews, 91, 718–740. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.08.025. Jiang CY, Ling JL, Zhao YF, Kang Z, Song YF, Wang Y. 2012. Ore-Bearing Potential Evaluation Index System of Mafic and Ultramafic Intrusions—Used to Search for Magmatic Sulfide Deposits. Northwestern Geology, 45(4), 51–60 (in Chinese with English abstract). Jilin Institute of Geological Survey. 2023. Geology of Mineral Resources in China, Volume of Jilin. Beijing, Geological publishing house (in Chinese). Kang Z, Qin KZ, Mao JW, Tang DM, Yao ZS. 2020. The formation of a magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in mafic intrusions at the Kalatongke, NW China: Insights from amphibole mineralogy and composition. Lithos, 352–353, 105317. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105317. Lambert DD, Foster JG, Frick LR, Li C, Naldrett AJ. 1999. Re-Os Isotopic Systematics of the Voisey’s Bay Ni-Cu-Co Magmatic Ore System, Labrador, Canada. Lithos, 47, 69–88. doi: 10.1016/S0024-4937(99)00008-0. Li A, Wang J, Song Y, Liu JG, Xue SC. 2018. Geochemistry Characteristics of the ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Hongqiling Ni-Cu sulfide deposit, NE China and its petrogenesis significance. Acta Geologica Sinica, 92(2), 263–277 (in Chinese with English abstract). Li A. 2019. Mineralogy, petrogeochemistry and Ni-Cu mineralization for the mafic-ultramafic intrusions from the Hongqiling area, Jilin Province. Changchun, Jilin University, Ph. D thesis, 1–133 (in Chinese with English abstract). Li CS, Ripley EM. 2012. Low-Ca contents and kink-banded textures are not unique to mantle olivine: Evidence from the Duke Island Complex, Alaska. Mineralogy and Petrology, 104(3–4), 147–153. doi: 10.1007/s00710-011-0188-0. Li CS, Zhang ZW, Li WY. 2015. Geochronology, petrology and Hf-S isotope geochemistry of the newly-discovered Xiarihamu magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, western China. Lithos, (216-217), 224–240. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2015.01.003. Li L, Sun FY, Li BL, Bai Y, Wang C, Qian Y, Sun YG, Tan SC. 2022. Identification of hydrothermal alteration and mineralization in the Sancha magmatic Cu-Ni-Au sulfide deposit, NW China: Implications for timing and genesis of mineralization. Ore Geology Reviews, 143, 104770. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.104770. Li ZT, Li CG (editor in chief). 1994. Geological characteristics, metallogenic traditions and prospecting directions of Au-Ag polymetallic deposits in Panshi-Shuangyang areas, Jilin Province. Changchun, Jilin Science and Technology Publishing House, 1–23 (in Chinese). Liang QL, Song XY, Long TM, Wirth R, Dai ZH. 2023. The effect of platinum-group minerals on differentiation of platinum-group elements in magmatic sulfide deposits: Evidence from the Cu-Ni-PGE deposits in the Yangliuping area of the Emeishan large igneous province, SW China. Chemical Geology, 636, 121645. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121645. Liang SS, Zhao ZH, Li CL, Yin YC, Li HN, Zhou JZ. 2024. Age and petrogenesis of ore–forming volcanic-subvolcanic rocks in the Yidonglinchang Au deposit, Lesser Xing’an Range: Implications for late Mesozoic Au mineralization in NE China. Ore Geology Reviews, 165, 105875. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.105875. Lightfoot PC, Evans-Lamswood D. 2015. Structural controls on the primary distribution of mafic-ultramafic intrusions containing Ni-Cu-Co-(PGE) sulfide mineralization in the roots of large igneous provinces. Ore Geology Reviews 64, 354–386. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.07.010. Liu JY, Xi AH, Ge YH, Sun HT, Gong PH. 2010. Mineralization age of the No. 3 ore-bearing intrusion and its petrological significance in Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulfide deposits, Jilin Province. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 40(2), 321–328 (in Chinese with English abstract). Liu M. 2005. Study on geological characteristics and genesis of Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in Hong Qi ling Ji Lin. Changchun, Jilin University, Master thesis, 1–54 (in Chinese with English abstract). Liu YG, Chen ZG, Li WY, Xu XH, Kou X, Jia QZ, Zhang ZW, Liu F, Wang YL, You MX. 2019. The Cu-Ni mineralization potential of the Kaimuqi mafic-ultramafic complex and the indicators for the magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide deposit exploration in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt, Northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 198, 41–53. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.12.002. Liu YG, Li WY, Jia QZ, Zhang ZW, Wang ZA, Zhang ZB, Zhang JW, Qian B. 2018. The dynamic sulfide saturation process and a possible slab break-off model for the giant Xiarihamu magmatic nickel ore deposit in the east Kunlun Orogenic Belt, Northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Economic Geology, 113(6), 1383–1417. doi: 10.5382/econgeo.2018.4596. Liu YR, Lv XB, Mei W, Hui WD. 2012. Compositions of olivine from the mafic-ultramafic complexs in eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang and implications to petrogenesus: Examples from Huangshandong and Tulargen complexes. Geochemica, 41(1), 78–88 (in Chinese with English abstract). Lv LS, Li HB, Zhou ZH, Xu LG, Yang XN, Mao B. 2017. Mineral chemistry and sulfur isotopic characteristics of ores from the Fujia Deposit in Hongqiling Area, Jilin Province: Constraints on the genesis and ore-forming processes of Ni-Cu sulfide deposit. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 38(2), 193–207 (in Chinese with English abstract). Lv LS, Mao JW, Li HB. 2011. Pyrrhotite Re-Os and SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of the Hongqiling Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in Northeast China. Ore Geology Reviews, 43, 106–119. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.02.003. Lv LS, Mao JW, Zhou ZH, Li HB, Zhang ZH, Wang YF. 2012. Mineral chemistry of ore-bearing ultramafic rocks from the Hongqiling No. 1 and 7 instrusions in Jilin Province: Constraints on the magmatic processes and the metallogenesis of Ni-Cu sulfide deposits. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 28(1), 319–344 (in Chinese with English abstract). Ma JX, Li ZT, Zhang YP, Fang WC, Yang S. 1998. Paleozoic tectonic-magmatic activity and gold-silver mineralization of central Jilin Province, China. Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 1–163 (in Chinese with English abstract). Ma YF, Liu YJ, Peskov AY, Wang Y, Song WM, Zhang YJ, Cheng Q, Liu TJ. 2022. Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt in NE China. China Geology, 5, 555–578. doi: 10.31035/cg2021079. Manor MJ, Scoates JS, Nixon GT, Ames DE. 2016. The giant mascot Ni-Cu-PGE deposit, British Columbia: Mineralized conduits in a convergent margin tectonic setting. Economic Geology, 111(1), 57–87. doi: 10.2113/econgeo.111.1.57. Mao YJ, Qin KZ, Li CS, Tang DM. 2015. A modified genetic model for the Huangshandong magmatic sulfide deposit in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Xinjiang, western China. Mineralium Deposita, 50(1), 65–82. doi: 10.1007/s00126-014-0524-5. McDonough WF, Sun SS. 1995. The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology, 120(3–4), 223–253. Moilanen M, Hanski E, Yang SH. 2021. Re-Os isotope geochemistry of the Palaeoproterozoic Sakatti Cu-Ni-PGE sulphide deposit in northern Finland. Ore Geology Reviews, 132, 104044. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104044. Mudd GM, Jowitt SM. 2014. A detailed assessment of global nickel resource trends and endowments. Economic Geology, 109(7), 1813–1841. doi: 10.2113/econgeo.109.7.1813. Naldrett AJ. 2004. Magma Sulfide Deposits: Geology, Geochemistry and Exploration. Berlin, Springer, 1–17. Naldrett AJ. 2010. Secular variation of magmatic sulfide deposits and their source magmas. Economic Geology, 105(3), 669–688. doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.669. Naldrett AJ. 1999. World-class Ni-Cu-PGE deposits: Key factors in their genesis. Mineralium Deposita, 34(3), 227–240. doi: 10.1007/s001260050200. Pan T. 2015. The prospecting for magmatic liquation type nickel deposits on the southern and northern margin of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province: A case study of the Xiarihamu Ni-Cu sulfide deposit. Geology in China, 42(3), 713–723 (in Chinese with English abstract). Piña R, Romeo I, Ortega L, Lunar R, Capote R, Gervilla F, Tejero R, Quesada C. 2010. Origin and emplacement of the Aguablanca magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfide deposit, SW Iberia: A multidisciplinary approach. Canadian Mineralogist, 122(5-6), 915–925. Qian ZZ, Duan J, Li CS, Xu G, Feng YQ, Ren M. 2018. Paleozoic mafic-intermediate intrusions (320-287 Ma) in the Kalatongke area, south Altai, NW China: Products of protracted magmatism in a convergent tectonic setting. Jounal of Asian Earth Sciences, 159, 1367 ‒ 9120. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.12.038. Qin K. 1995. Geological features of magmatic sulfide Cu-Ni deposit at the Hongqiling, Jilin Province. Jilin Geology, 14(3), 17 ‒ 30 (in Chinese with English abstract). Qin KZ, Sun H, Tang DM, Xiao QH, Su BX, San JZ, Cao MJ, Liu PP, Li GM. 2009. Evaluation of metallogenic potentiality of mafic-ultramafic rocks and Cu-Ni (PGE) metallogenic regularity and location prediction of concealed deposit in East Tianshan. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 29(s1), 80–81 (in Chinese). Qiu W, Zhao J, Ding L, He Z. 2012. Application of the ground high precision magnetic survey in Hongqiling nickel resource succeeding exploration. Jilin Geology, 31(3), 69–73 (in Chinese with English abstract). Regional Geology and Mineral Survey Institute of Jilin Province. 2016. Regional Geology of China, volume of Jilin Province. Beijing, Geological publishing house (in Chinese). Ripley EM, Li C. 2013. Sulfide saturation in mafic magmas: is external sulfur required for magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) ore genesis. Economic Geology, 108, 45–58. doi: 10.2113/econgeo.108.1.45. Song J, Liu ZH, Wang C, Liu XW, Bao SB, Li XH. 2017. Zircon U-Pb dating and geochemistry of Beigou granites from Hongqiling area in central Jilin and its geological implication. Global Geology, 36(2), 391–402 (in Chinese with English abstract). Song XY, Yi JN, Chen LM, She YW, Liu CZ, Dang XY, Yang QA, Wu SK. 2016. The Giant Xiarihamu Ni-Co Sulfide Deposit in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt, Northern Tibet Plateau, China. Economic Geology, 111, 29–55. doi: 10.2113/econgeo.111.1.29. Sproule RA, Lambert DD, Hoatson DM. 1999. Re-Os Isotopic Constraints on the Genesis of the Sally Malay Ni-Cu-Co Deposit, East Kimberley, Western Australia. Lithos, 47, 89–106. doi: 10.1016/S0024-4937(99)00009-2. Stanley CR, Russell JK. 1989. Petrologic hypothesis testing with Pearce element ratio diagrams: Derivation of diagram axes. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 103(1), 78–89. doi: 10.1007/BF00371366. Sun LJ. 2013. Geological and geochemical characteristics of Hongqiling Cu-Ni Sulfide deposit and prospecting techniques for the same type deposit. Changchun, Jilin University, Ph. D thesis, 1–171 (in Chinese with English abstract). Sun T, Wang DH (editor in chief). 2019. Geology of Mineral Resources in China, Volume of Nickel. Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 1–878 (in Chinese). Sun YH, Zhou SL, Yi X, 2016. Geochemistry and genesis of No. 3 rock body in the Hongqiling orefield, Jilin Province. Geology and Resources, 1, 15–21 (in Chinese with English abstract). Tang ZL, Barnes SJ. 1998. Mineralization Mechanism of Magmatic Sulfide Deposits. Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 1 – 60 (in Chinese). Tang ZL. 1996. Main types of magma sulfide deposits in China. Acta Geologica Gansu, 3, 237–243 (in Chinese with English abstract). Team 607 of Jilin Nonferrous Metal Geological Exploration Bureau. 2008. Exploration report of nickel mine replacement resources of Hongqiling deposit, Panshi City, Jilin Province (in Chinese). The Fifth Geological Exploration Institute of Qinghai Province. 2014. Detailed investigation report for NO. Hs26 anomaly area of the Xiarihamu Cu-Ni deposit in Geermu City, Qinghai Province (in Chinese). The Sixth Geological Team of the Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 2012. Survey report of nickel deposit in Pobei-Xuanwoling areas in Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang, 1–230 (in Chinese). Walker RJ, Morgan JW, Naldertt AJ, Li C, Fassett JD. 1991. Rhenium-osmium isotope systematics of nickel-copper sulfide ores, Sudbury Igneous Complex, Ontario: Evidence for a major crustal component. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 105, 416–429. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(91)90182-H. Walker RJ. 1994. Re-Os isotopic evidence for an enriched-mantle source for the Noril’sk-type, ore-bearing intrusions, Siberia. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 58(19), 4179–4197. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90272-0. Wang G. 2014. Metallogenesis of Nickel deposits in Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt, Qinghai Province. Changchun, Jilin University, Ph. D thesis, 1–200 (in Chinese with English abstract). Wang SM, Wu CZ, Muhtar, MN, Lei RX, Brzozowski MJ. 2021. Mobilization of ore-forming metals during post-magmatic hydrothermal overprinting of the Huangshandong Ni-Cu sulfide deposit, Eastern Tianshan, NW China. Ore Geology Reviews, 137, 104315. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104315. Wang XH, Xu XW, Zhang BL, Niu L, Ke Q. 2022. Protracted mafic magmatism and two-stage mineralization of the Kalatongke Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Ore Geology Reviews, 141, 104669. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104669. Wang ZG, Xi AH, Ge YH, Gong PH, Wang B. 2011. Chronology Significance of the Intrusion Group in Sandaogang Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposit, Panshi, Jilin Province. Journal of Jilin Unviersity (Earth Science Edition), 42(S1), 126–133 (in Chinese with English abstract). Wang ZG. 2012. Study on Metallogenesis of Mesozoic Endogenetic Metal Deposits in the Eastern Part of Jilin Province. Changchun, Jilin University, Ph. D thesis, 1–193 (in Chinese with English abstract). Wei B, Wang YC, Li CS, Sun YL. 2013. Origin of PGE-Depleted Ni-Cu Sulfide Mineralization in the Triassic Hongqiling No. 7 Orthopyroxenite Intrusion, Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Northeastern China. Economic Geology, 108, 1813 – 1831. doi: 10.2113/econgeo.108.8.1813. Wei B. 2013. Platinum-group element and Re-Os isotopic compositions of the magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in the Hongqiling-Chajianling-Piaohechuan region, eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Guangzhou, Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ph. D thesis, 1–157 (in Chinese with English abstract). Wei QQ. 2015. Late Hercynian-Indosinian Mafic-ultramafic rocks of the Central-Eastern Part of Jilin Province and Cu-Ni Metallization. Changchun, Jilin University, Ph. D thesis, 1–124 (in Chinese with English abstract). Woodhead JD, Hergt JM, Davidson JP, Eggins SM. 2001. Hafnium isotope evidence for ‘conservative’ element mobility during subduction zone processes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 192(3), 331–346. doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00453-8. Wu DY. 1987. Rerecognition of diagenesis and metallogeny of the Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in Jilin. Jilin Geology, 4, 45–56 (in Chinese with English abstract). Wu FY, Wilde SA, Sun DY, Zhang GL. 2004. Geochronology and petrogenesis of post-orogenic Cu, Ni-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions in Jilin, NE China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 23, 791–797. doi: 10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00114-7. Wu FY, Zhao GC, Sun DY, Wilde SA, Yang JH. 2007. The Hulan Group: Its role in the evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt of NE China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 30, 542–556. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.01.003. Wu LR. 1963. On the metallogenic specialization of basic and ultra Basic rocks in China. Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1, 29–41 (in Chinese). Wu Q, Sun FY, Liu JL, Tian LD, Fan XZ. 2019. Zircon U-Pb geochronology of ore-bearing olivine-pyroxenite of Changren Cu-Ni mining area in Helong, Jilin, and its geological significance. Mineral deposits, 38(3), 620–630 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xi AH, Cai YF, Ge YH, Sun GS, Li BL. 2008. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of Longwang gabbro of Shanmen silver deposit in Siping City and its geological significance. Mineral Deposits, 27(1), 57–63 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xi AH, Gu LX, Li XJ, Ye SQ, Zheng YC. 2005. Discussion on metallogenic epoch of Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulfide deposit‚ JilinProvince. Mineral Deposits, 24(5), 54–59 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xi AH, Gu LX, Li XJ, Zheng YC. 2006. The magmatic sulphide Cu-Ni deposits and their earth dynamics setting in North Orogenic Belt of China: A case study of Hongqiling deposits. Acta Geologica Sinica, 80(11), 1721–1729 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xi AH, Ren HM, Li BL, Wang YX, Shi SB. 2002. Petrology and geochemistry of the ore-bearing intrusions in Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulfide deposit, Jilin Province. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 32(2), 140–145 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xi AH, Ren HM, Zhang BF, Wang YX, Zhi XJ. 2004. Characteristics on ore minerals in Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulfide deposit, Jilin Province. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 34(3), 338–343 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xi AH. 2002. Geological genesis model of Hongqiling copper nickel sulfide deposit. Changchun: Jilin University, Ph. D thesis, 1–95. (in Chinese with English abstract). Xie HQ, Zhang FQ, Miao LC, Li TS, Liu DY. 2007. Characteristics of the Piaohechuan mafic-ultramafic complex, central Jilin, Northeast China: Constrains on the nature and evolution of the northeastern North China marginal tectonic belt. Geological Bulletin of China, 26(7), 810–822. Xing SW, Sun JG, Zhang ZJ, Ma YB, Song QH, Tang C, Sun PH, Yu C, Chai P. 2014. Studies on the Multiple-phase Metallogenesis and Prospecting Areas of Gold and Non Ferrous Metals in the Continental Margin of Northeastern China. Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 1–361 (in Chinese). Xu ZG, Chen YC, Wang DH, Chen ZH, Li HM. 2008. The scheme of the classification of the minerogenetic units in China. Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 71–74 (in Chinese). Xu ZH, Sun FY, Gu GW, Niu XG, Qian Y. 2022. Deep mineral exploration of magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Taking Hongqiling Cu-Ni deposits as an Example. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 52(5), 1649–1657 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xu ZH. 2020. Geological-geophysical model and prediction of Mesozoic magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in the Middle East of Jilin Province. Changchun, Jilin University, Ph. D thesis, 1–230 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xue HR. 2020. Features of the Mafic-ultramafic Rocks in Jilin Province and their Metallogenesis. Changchun, Jilin University, Ph. D thesis, 1–231 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xue SC, Wang QF, Wang YL, Song WL, Deng J. 2022. The roles of various types of crustal contamination in the genesis of the Jinchuan magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE deposit: New mineralogical and C-S-Sr-Nd isotope constraints. Economic Geology, 118(8), 1795–1812. doi: 10.5382/econgeo.5017. Yang XL. 2012. Research of Geophysical Methods on Deep Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposit Exploration --Case Studies on Hongqiling Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposit. Beijing, China University of Geosciences, Ph. D thesis, 1 – 133 (in Chinese with English abstract). Yin GZ, Lv CD, Zhai GH, Bi P, Jia WJ, Cui J, 2019a. Geological characteristics and its guiding significance for geological prospecting of No. 7 rock-mass group in Hongqiling mining area, Jilin Province. Jilin Geology, 38(2), 9–15 (in Chinese with English abstract). Yin GZ, Zhai GH, Jia WJ, Cui J, Bi P. 2019b. Geological characteristics of No. 1 rock mass and potential of deep copper and nickel resources in Hongqiling mining area of Jilin province. Nonferrous Metals (Mining Section), 71(2), 39–46 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang GL, Wu FY. 2005. Geochronology significances of the post-orogenic mafic-ultramafic rocks in Hongqiling area of Jilin Province, NE China. Seismology and Geology, 27(4), 600–608 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang LS. 2022. Study on Metallogenesis of Endogenetic Metal Deposits in Central Jilin. Changchun, Jilin University, Ph. D thesis, 1–254 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang S, Ju N, Zhang GB, Zhao YD, Ren YS, Liu BS, Wang H, Guo RR, Yang Q, Sun ZM, Xu FM, Wang KY, Hao YJ. 2023. Geology and mineralization of the Duobaoshan supergiant porphyry Cu-Au-Mo-Ag deposit (2.36 Mt) in Heilongjiang Province, China: A review. China Geology, 6(1), 100–136. doi: 10.31035/cg2023006. Zhang ZW, Li WY, Qian B, Wang YL, Li SJ, Liu CZ, Zhang JW, Yang QA, You MX, Wang ZA. 2015. Metallogenic epoch of the Xiarihamu magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in eastern Kunlun orogenic belt and its prospecting significance. Geology in China, 42(3), 438–451 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang ZW, Qian B, Li WY, Wang YL, Zhang JW, You MX, Liu YL. 2017. The discovery of Early Paleozoic eclogite from the Xiarihamu magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in eastern Kunlun orogenic belt: Zircon U-Pb chronologic evidence. Geology in China, 44(4), 816–817 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang ZW, Tang QY, Li CS, Wang YL, Ripley E. 2017. Sr-Nd-Os-S isotope and PGE geochemistry of the Xiarihamu magmatic sulfide deposit in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China. Mineralium Deposita, 52(1), 51–68. doi: 10.1007/s00126-016-0645-0. Zhao Q, Zhang MJ. 2022. Geological characteristics of basic-ultrabasic rock copper-nickel deposit in Hami, Xinjiang. Modern Mining, 644(12), 78–81 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhao Y, Liu SB, Xue CJ, Li MJ. 2022. Copper isotope evidence for a Cu-rich mantle source of the world-class Jinchuan magmatic Ni-Cu deposit. American Mineralogist, 107, 673–683. doi: 10.2138/am-2021-7911. Zhao Y, Zhai MG, Chen H, Zhang HS. 2017. Paleozoic-early Jurassic tectonic evolution of North China Craton and its adjacent orogenic belts. Geology in China, 44(1), 44–60 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhao ZH, Zhao X, Yin YC, Liang SS, Chen J, Li CL, Zhou JZ. 2023. Genesis of the Yidonglinchang gold deposit, Lesser Xing’an Range, China: Insights from fluid inclusions, H-O-S-Pb isotopes, and Sm-Nd and U-Pb geochronology. Ore Geology Reviews, 163, 105803. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105803. Zhi XJ. 2005. Metallogenic Law and Prospecting Assessment Cu, Ni Sulphide Deposit in Hongqiling, Jilin Province. Changchun, Jilin University, Master thesis, 1–56 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhou MF, Lesher CM, Yang ZX, Li JW, Sun M. 2004. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of 270 Ma Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfide-bearing mafic intrusions in the Huangshan district, Eastern Xinjiang, Northwest China: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Central Asian orogenic belt. Chemical Geology, 209(3), 233–257. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.05.005. Zhou Q, Gao S. 2008. Large nickel deposit found in the deep part of Tanghe area, Henan Province. Resources Guide, 6, 52 (in Chinese). -
Access History
Figures(16)
Tables(10)
Export File
Citation
Cong Chen, Yu-chao Gu, Di Zhang, Tao-tao Wu, Ai Li, Yun-sheng Ren, Qing-qing Shang, Jian Zhang, Xiong-fei Bian, Fei Su, Jia-lin Yang, Qiu-shi Sun, Xiao-hai Li, Wan-zhen Liu, Zhen-ming Sun, Sen Zhang, Yu-hui Feng, 2024. Geology and mineralization of the Hongqiling large magmatic nickel-copper-cobalt deposit (22×104 t) in Jilin Province, China: A review, China Geology, 7, 762-796. doi: 10.31035/cg2023106
Format
Content
DownLoad:
-
Figure 1.
Maps of the geotectonic location (a) and major deposit distribution of the study area (b; base maps modified from Wu FY et al., 2007; Xu ZG et al., 2008; Chen C, 2017).
-
Figure 2.
Geolgical sketch map of the Hongqiling area (a; after Wu FY et al., 2004) and geological structure map of Hongqiling and its adjacent areas (b; after Ma JX et al., 1998).
-
Figure 3.
Map showing the geochemical characteristics of Ni and the distributions of nickel deposits in the Jizhong-Yanbian metallogenic belt.
-
Figure 4.
Geological map of the Hongqiling deposit in Panshi City, Jilin Province (after Sun YH et al., 2016).
-
Figure 5.
Altered hornblende peridotites (a) and hornblende olivine pyroxenites (b) of the No.1 pluton and serpentinized peridotites (c) of the No. 33 pluton in rock belt I of the Hongqiling area. Cpx–Clinopyroxene; Hbl–Hornblende; Ol–Olivine; Srp–Serpentine; Tr–Tremolite.
-
Figure 6.
Geological map and section of the No. 7 pluton in the Hongqiling deposit in Panshi City (modified from Qin K, 1995).
-
Figure 7.
Geological map and cross section of the No. 1 pluton of the Hongqiling deposit in Panshi City (a after Team 607 of Jilin Nonferrous Metal Geological Exploration Bureau, 2008; b after Hao LB et al., 2014).
-
Figure 8.
Geological map of the No. 2 pluton in the Hongqiling deposit (after Team 607 of Jilin Nonferrous Metal Geological Exploration Bureau, 2008).
-
Figure 9.
Geological map (a) and cross section (b) of the No. 3 pluton in the Hongqiling deposit (modified from Li A, 2019).
-
Figure 10.
Drilling verification results of Cu and Ni ores at the bottom of the No. 3 pluton in the Hongqiling deposit (after Xu ZH et al., 2022).
-
Figure 11.
Microscopic images of primary ore minerals in the No. 1 pluton of the Hongqiling deposit. Ccp–Chalcopyrite; Sp–Cphalerite; Po-pyrrhotite; Pn–Pentlandite.
-
Figure 12.
Histogram showing the diagenetic and metallogenic ages of major copper-nickel deposits on the northern margin of the North China Plate (data shown in Table 6).
-
Figure 13.
Primitive mantle-normalized diagram of trace elements (a) and chondrite-normalized diagram of rare earth elements (b) for mafic-ultramafic rocks from the Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 7 plutons of the Hongqiling deposit (sample data from Li A, 2019).
-
Figure 14.
Si/Ti vs. (Mg+Fe)/Ti and Nb/Yb vs. Th/Yb diagrams of predominant ore-bearing rocks in the Hongqiling deposit (after Li A, 2019).
-
Figure 15.
Ba/La vs. Th/Yb (a) and Th/Zr vs. Nb/Zr (b) diagrams of mafic-ultramafic plutons in the Hongqiling deposit (base maps after Hanyu T et al., 2013 and Woodhead JD et al., 2001, respectively; sample data from Li A, 2019).
-
Figure 16.
Diagram showing the metallogenic model of the Hongqiling copper-nickel deposit in Panshi City, Jilin Province (modified from Tang ZL et al., 1998; Xing SW et al. 2014).