| Citation: |
Jian-zhou Yang, Yan-gang Fu, Qiu-li Gong, Sheng-ming Ma, Jing-jing Gong, Jian-weng Gao, Zhen-liang Wang, Yong-wen Cai, Shi-xin Tang, 2024. Contamination assessment, source apportionment and associated health risks of PTEs in agricultural soil under five land-use patterns in Sanya, China, China Geology, 7, 469-479. doi: 10.31035/cg2023078
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Contamination assessment, source apportionment and associated health risks of PTEs in agricultural soil under five land-use patterns in Sanya, China
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Abstract
To understand the levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contamination in soils and their effects on human health from different agricultural land use in Sanya, China. 128 soil samples (64 topsoil samples and corresponding subsoil samples) were collected from the five representative land-use patterns. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), and Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were used to determine the content of PTEs (As, Cd, Hg, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Co, Mo, Sb, and V). Correlation analysis and factor analysis were used to determine the source of PTEs. Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), hazard quotient (HQ), and total carcinogenic risk index (TR) were used to measure the PTEs contamination and its relative health impacts. Results showed that the average values of 12 PTEs in topsoil were higher than the Hainan soil geochemical baseline, showing different degrees of PTEs accumulation effect. The concentration of PTEs in the topsoil was lower than those in the subsoil except for Cd and Hg. The Igeo revealed that the major accumulated element in soils was As followed by Mo. Source apportionment suggested that parent materials and agricultural practices were the dominant factors for PTEs accumulation in the topsoil. Non-carcinogenic risks of soil samples from five land-use patterns presented a trend of paddy field > dry field > woodland > orchard > garden plot. However, the HQ values of 12 PTEs were less than the recommended limit of HQ = 1, representing that there are no non-carcinogenic risks of PTEs for children and adults in the study area. The TR values are within 6.95×10−6‒1.38×10−5, which corresponds to the low level. Therefore the PTEs in the agricultural soil of the study area show little influence on the health status of the local population.
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References
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Jian-zhou Yang, Yan-gang Fu, Qiu-li Gong, Sheng-ming Ma, Jing-jing Gong, Jian-weng Gao, Zhen-liang Wang, Yong-wen Cai, Shi-xin Tang, 2024. Contamination assessment, source apportionment and associated health risks of PTEs in agricultural soil under five land-use patterns in Sanya, China, China Geology, 7, 469-479. doi: 10.31035/cg2023078
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Figure 1.
a‒Location of Hainan Island within China (basemap after China National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Geographical Information); b‒location of the Sanya region; c‒distributions of sampling sites.
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Figure 2.
Pearson correlation coefficients between PTEs and selected soil properties (Significant at the 0.05 level. The black cross indicates no correlation between the PTEs and soil components).
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Figure 3.
Mean, minimum, and maximum Igeo values in different land-use areas of the Sanya region.
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Figure 4.
Concentration of select PTEs in the topsoil and subsoil samples across various land-use areas in the Sanya region.
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Figure 5.
CEF values in different land-use areas of the Sanya region.
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Figure 6.
Factor loading diagram of PTEs in the agricultural soil of Sanya City. Extraction method: Principal component analysis. Rotation method: Varimax with Kaiser normalization.
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Figure 7.
Plot of the HQ for adults and children in five land-use zones of the Sanya region (The HQ value for Hainan was estimated based on the geochemical baseline of PTEs in Hainan Province).