| Citation: |
Hua-yun Yuan, Qing Zhou, Yuan-bao Song, Wei Zhang, Hui-hua Zhang, Tong-zhu Li, Tao Yin, Chang-nan Wang, Gao-lin Tang, 2023. Mineralization of the Liwu large-scale stratiform copper deposits in Sichuan Province, China: Constraints from fluid inclusions, China Geology, 6, 252-268. doi: 10.31035/cg2023034
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Mineralization of the Liwu large-scale stratiform copper deposits in Sichuan Province, China: Constraints from fluid inclusions
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Abstract
The Liwu stratiform copper deposit is located in the northwestern Jianglang dome, western China. Current studies mainly focus on the genetic type and mineralization of this deposit. Detailed fluid inclusion characteristics of metallogenic period quartz veins were studied to reveal the ore-forming fluid features. Laser Raman analysis indicates that the ore-forming fluids is a H2O-NaCl-CH4 (-CO2) system. Fluid inclusions microthermometry shows a homogenization temperature of 181–375°C and a salinity of 5.26%–16.99% for the disseminated-banded Cu-Zn mineralization; but a homogenization temperature of 142–343°C and a salinity of 5.41%–21.19% for the massive-veined Cu-Zn mineralization. These features suggest a medium–high temperature and a medium salinity for the ore-forming fluids. H-O isotopic data indicates that the ore-forming fluids were mainly from the metamorphic and magmatic water, plus minor formation water. And sulfur isotopic data indicates that sulfur was mainly derived from the formation and magmatic rocks. Metallogenesis of the disseminated-banded mineralization was mainly correlated with fluid mixing and water-rock reaction; whereas that of the massive-veined mineralization was mainly correlated with fluid boiling. The genetic type of the deposit is a medium-high temperature hydrothermal deposit related to magmatism and controlled by shear zones. This study is beneficial to understand the stratiform copper deposit.
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References
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Hua-yun Yuan, Qing Zhou, Yuan-bao Song, Wei Zhang, Hui-hua Zhang, Tong-zhu Li, Tao Yin, Chang-nan Wang, Gao-lin Tang, 2023. Mineralization of the Liwu large-scale stratiform copper deposits in Sichuan Province, China: Constraints from fluid inclusions, China Geology, 6, 252-268. doi: 10.31035/cg2023034
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Figure 1.
Regional geological maps showing the Songpan–Ganzi fold belt (SGFB) (a) and the distributions of the Liwu copper deposit in the Jianglang dome (b) (after Zhou Q et al., 2017).
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Figure 2.
Longitudinal projection of the ore body of the Liwu copper deposit (a, after Hu RQ et al., 2018) and metamorphic deformation of rocks in the Liwu Group (b, after Zhang HH et al., 2013).
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Figure 3.
Geological map of the Zhongzui ore block in the Liwu copper deposit (modified from Zhou Q et al., 2017)
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Figure 4.
Cross-section of the Zhongzui ore block in the Liwu deposit. Location of A–A’ is shown in Fig. 3.
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Figure 5.
Photographs taken in the adits from the Liwu copper deposit (after Zhou Q et al., 2017).
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Figure 6.
Typical ore samples and photomicrographs of the Liwu copper deposit.
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Figure 7.
Mineralization stages and mineral formation sequence of the Liwu copper deposit.
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Figure 8.
Photomicrographs of fluid inclusions of the Liwu copper deposit.(a–b)–liquid two-phase inclusion; (c–d)–vapor two-phase inclusion; (e–f)–daughter mineral-bearing three-phase inclusion and liquid two-phase inclusion in the same microscopic field of view; (g–h)–CO2-bearing three-phase inclusion; (i–j)–daughter mineral-bearing three-phase inclusion and the daughter mineral is chalcopyrite crystal; k–vapor two-phase inclusion, liquid two-phase inclusion, vapor fluid inclusion and liquid fluid inclusion in the same microscopic field of view.V–vapor phase; L–liquid phase; H–halite crystal; CHA–chalcopyrite crystal; L(H2O)–liquid phase H2O; V(CO2)–vapor phase CO2; L(CO2)–liquid phase CO2.
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Figure 9.
Homogenization temperature and salinity of fluid inclusions at each stage.a–homogenization temperature at stage I; b–homogenization temperature at stage II; c–homogenization temperature at stage III; d–homogenization temperature at stage IV; e–salinity at stage I; f–salinity at stage III.
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Figure 10.
Raman spectrum of inclusions.
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Figure 11.
Diagram of δD–δ18O isotopes in fluid inclusions of ore-bearing quartz