| Citation: |
Yong Zheng, Hai-bing Li, Jia-wei Pan, Ping Wang, Ya Lai, Zheng Gong, 2024. An integrated north–south paleo-Dadu-Anning River: New insights from bulk major and trace element analyses of the Xigeda Formation, China Geology, 7, 91-103. doi: 10.31035/cg2023027
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An integrated north–south paleo-Dadu-Anning River: New insights from bulk major and trace element analyses of the Xigeda Formation
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Abstract
The Xianshuihe-Anninghe fault extends SE–S and constitutes the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. However, the Dadu River which is associated with the fault does not flow following the path, but makes a 90º turn within a distance of 1 km at Shimian, heading east, and joins the Yangtze River, finally flowing into the East China Sea. Adjacent to the abrupt turn, a low and wide pass near the Daqiao reservoir at Mianning separates the N–S course of the Dadu River from the headwater of the Anning River which then flows south into the Yunnan Province along the Anninghe fault. Therefore, many previous studies assumed southward flow of the paleo-Dadu River from the Shimian to the Anning River. However, evidences for the capture of the integrated N–S paleo-Dadu-Anning River, its timing, and causes are still insufficient. This study explored the paleo-drainage pattern of the Dadu and Anning Rivers based on bulk mineral and geochemical analyses of the large quantities of fluvial/lacustrine sediments along the trunk of the Dadu and Anning Rivers. Similar with sands in the modern Dadu River, the Xigeda sediments also exhibit a granitoid affinity with the bulk major mineral compositions of quartz (>50%), anorthite (about 10%), orthoclase (about 5%), muscovite (about 5%), and clinochlore (about 4%). Correspondingly, bulk major elements show high SiO2, with all samples >60%, and some of them >70%, low TiO2 (
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References
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Yong Zheng, Hai-bing Li, Jia-wei Pan, Ping Wang, Ya Lai, Zheng Gong, 2024. An integrated north–south paleo-Dadu-Anning River: New insights from bulk major and trace element analyses of the Xigeda Formation, China Geology, 7, 91-103. doi: 10.31035/cg2023027
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Figure 1.
Tectonic and geological setting of southeastern Tibet. a–Tectonic sketch of SE Asia; b–topography, major rivers and active faults in southeastern Tibet; c–geological map showing the main catchment of the Dadu River and Anning River, and the sampling locations of this study.
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Figure 2.
Collected fluvial/lacustrine sand samples in the (a) Luding, (b) Mianning, (c) Xichang and (d) Panzhihua sections.
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Figure 3.
Xigeda fluvial/lacustrine sediment sections along the Dadu and Anning Rivers showing lithologies and samples collected by this study. Locations of samples are marked with black arrows. The deposition ages are cited from Kong P et al. (2009) and Zheng Y et al. (2023).
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Figure 4.
Harker major element variation diagrams of the Xigeda sediments.
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Figure 5.
Normalized REE and trace element diagrams for the Xigeda sediments.
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Figure 6.
Ternary plots of molecular proportions Al2O3-(Na2O+CaO*)-K2O and Al2O3-(CaO*+ Na2O+K2O) +(FeOT+MgO) for the Xigeda sediments. The dashed arrow (a) shows the predicted weathering trend of the Xigeda sediments, and the nearly linear correlation suggests that different Xigeda sediments have similar initial material compositions; arrow (b) shows the additions of K or Fe and Mg to the weathered residues; and arrow (c) shows the predicted weathering trend once the residues contain little Na or About
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Figure 7.
A-CN-K, A-CNK-FM, Th-Co-Zr/10, and Th-Sc-Zr/10 plots of the Xigeda lacustrine/fluvial sediments for provenance and tectonic-setting discrimination. Dots represent the sediment samples taken from different sections. Dotted lines represent the dominant fields for their major source rocks (Data for Songpan-Ganzi grainites are from Zhao YJ et al., 2007; for Songpan-Ganzi flysch are from She ZB et al., 2006; for Kangding complex are from Li DP et al., 2009; for Miyi complex are from Guo CL et al., 2007; for Baoxing complex are from Liu SW et al., 2009; for J-K sediments are from Yang GC et al., 2010). Solid lines represent the dominant fields for the various tectonic settings (Bhatia MR and Crook KAW, 1986): A-Oceanic island arc; B-continental island arc; C-active continental margins; and D-passive margins.
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Figure 8.
Source rock discrimination diagrams for the Xigeda sediments on Th/Co vs. La/Th, Th/Co vs. Zr/Co, La/Th vs. Hf, and Th/Co vs. La/Sc.
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Figure 9.
Summary of captures for the paleo-Dadu-Anning River. a–Recovered paleo-Dadu River once flowed directly south into the palao-Anning River, constituting an about N–S connected paleo-Dadu-Anning River; b–after the suggested capture due to locally focused uplift, the paleo-Anning River was beheaded, and the Dadu River was redirected toward the east.