| Citation: |
Ang Sun, Qing-hua Yang, Zhi Liu, Hua Chen, Lei Han, Shou-min Jiang, Yue-yue Meng, Yu Bian, Yong-peng Yang, 2022. Distribution of wetlands and salt lakes in the Yadong region of Tibet based on remote sensing, and their geo-climatic environmental changes, China Geology, 5, 637-648. doi: 10.31035/cg2022039
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Distribution of wetlands and salt lakes in the Yadong region of Tibet based on remote sensing, and their geo-climatic environmental changes
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Abstract
Based on the 16 scenes GF-1 satellite multi-spectral remote sensing images, through the adoption of data processing methods including orthorectification, geometric rectification, data fusion and image mosaic, integrated with field surveys, the remote sensing interpretation signs for the inland wetland types have been built, and the remote sensing survey of inland wetlands in Yadong region has been initiated, with six types of inland wetlands recognized in Yadong region, namely permanent rivers, seasonal rivers, lakes, salt lakes, alpine meadows, and inundated land. The spatial distribution characteristics and the spreading rules of these wetlands have also been revealed. Based on full understanding of the overall characteristics of the inland wetlands in the Yadong region, using the three phases of TM images acquired in 1989, 2003 and 2008 as well as the PMS2 data gathered by GF-1 in 2014, and the wide-range data (WFV3) gathered by GF-1 in 2020. As to the typical salt lakes, a long- time salt lakes transition study was carried out. The results show that the typical salt lakes in Yadong have been shrinking in the past three decades. The average annual shrinkage of Duoqing Co (Co means lake in Tibetan) was stronger than that of Gala Co, which are respective 87.30 hectares (usually short as ha; 1 ha equals to 0.01 km2) /a and 24.20 ha/a; the shrinkage degree of Gala Co was higher than that of Duoqing Co, shrank by 59.27% and 35.73% respectively. Based on the remote sensing survey results and an integrated analysis of the predecessors’ researchers, the reason for the shrinkage of the salt lakes is more inclined to geological factors. Geological process is manifested by a series of extensional faults at the bottom of the lake basin generated from tectonic activities, providing fluid infiltration channels, and inducing the eventual leakage of lake water to the lower strata. The result provides an important instance for understanding the evolution characteristics of wetlands and salt lakes in specific environment of the Tibetan Plateau.
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Keywords:
- Yadong /
- Wetlands /
- Salt lakes /
- Duoqing Co /
- Gala Co /
- Geological survey engineering /
- Tibet Plateau
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Ang Sun, Qing-hua Yang, Zhi Liu, Hua Chen, Lei Han, Shou-min Jiang, Yue-yue Meng, Yu Bian, Yong-peng Yang, 2022. Distribution of wetlands and salt lakes in the Yadong region of Tibet based on remote sensing, and their geo-climatic environmental changes, China Geology, 5, 637-648. doi: 10.31035/cg2022039
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Figure 1.
Data distribution map of the study area. The data of base map is sourced from STRM3 (V4.1) with a resolution of 90 m.
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Figure 2.
Comparison of geometry rectification of GF-1 satellite images. a–geometry rectification result of data on the same orbit; b–geometry rectification result of data on the different orbit.
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Figure 3.
Comparison of data fusion processing of GF-1 satellite images. a–multispectral images (RGB combination); b–brovey fusion image.
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Figure 4.
Distribution characteristics of inland wetlands in Yadong region.
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Figure 5.
The statistical data of inland wetlands in Yadong region.
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Figure 6.
Pattern of fault leakage for salt lake shrinkage (modified from Wu ZH et al., 2018). a–topography and drainage system in Pagri-Duoqing Co basin; b–schematic cross sedimentary section of the Duoqing Co basin; c–topographic section of Pagri-Duoqing Co basin. AnЄY–Precambrian Yadong Group; J–Jurassic; N-Q1l–Neogene-Early Pleistocene lacustrine sedimentary layer; Q2-3gl–Middle Pleistocene-Late Pleistocene moraine and glacial water gravel deposits; Q3-4al-l–Late Pleistocene-Holocene alluvial and lacustrine sedimentary layers.
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Figure 7.
The precipitation and evaporation in nearly 60 years of Duoqing Co drainage basin (modified from Yang XH et al., 2013 ; Zeng L et al., 2021).