| Citation: |
Shu-yu Wu, Jun Liu, Hua-ning Xu, Chang-ling Liu, Fu-long Ning, Hong-xian Chu, Hao-ran Wu, Kai Wang, 2022. Application of frequency division inversion in the prediction of heterogeneous natural gas hydrates reservoirs in the Shenhu Area, South China Sea, China Geology, 5, 251-266. doi: 10.31035/cg2021074
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Application of frequency division inversion in the prediction of heterogeneous natural gas hydrates reservoirs in the Shenhu Area, South China Sea
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Abstract
Drilling results suggest that the thickness of natural gas hydrates (NGHs) in the Shenhu Area, South China Sea (SCS) are spatially heterogenous, making it difficult to accurately assess the NGHs resources in this area. In the case that free gas exists beneath hydrate deposits, the frequency of the hydrate deposits will be noticeably attenuated, with the attenuation degree mainly affected by pore development and free gas content. Therefore, the frequency can be used as an important attribute to identify hydrate reservoirs. Based on the time-frequency characteristics of deposits, this study predicted the spatial distribution of hydrates in this area using the frequency division inversion method as follows. Firstly, the support vector machine (SVM) method was employed to study the amplitude versus frequency (AVF) response based on seismic and well logging data. Afterward, the AVF response was introduced as independent information to establish the nonlinear relationship between logging data and seismic waveform. Then, the full frequency band information of the seismic data was fully utilized to obtain the results of frequency division inversion. The inversion results can effectively broaden the frequency band, reflect the NGHs distribution, and reveal the NGHs reservoirs of two types, namely the fluid migration pathway type and the in situ self-generation self-storage diffusion type. Moreover, the inversion results well coincide with the drilling results. Therefore, it is feasible to use the frequency division inversion to predict the spatial distribution of heterogeneous NGHs reservoirs, which facilitates the optimization of favorable drilling targets and is crucial to the resource potential assessment of NGHs.
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References
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Shu-yu Wu, Jun Liu, Hua-ning Xu, Chang-ling Liu, Fu-long Ning, Hong-xian Chu, Hao-ran Wu, Kai Wang, 2022. Application of frequency division inversion in the prediction of heterogeneous natural gas hydrates reservoirs in the Shenhu Area, South China Sea, China Geology, 5, 251-266. doi: 10.31035/cg2021074
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Figure 1.
a‒Geographic map of China; b‒tectonic map showing regional structures and the study area in the PRMB on the northern continental margin of the SCS (after Yu XH et al., 2014); c‒topographic map of seabed in the study area.
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Figure 2.
Comprehensive stratigraphic histogram of the PRMB (modified from Zhang W et al., 2017).
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Figure 3.
Reflection characteristics of BSRs on a seismic section.
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Figure 4.
Logging curves of NGH-bearing sediments at site W03.
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Figure 5.
Frequency-thickness-amplitude response of a wedge-shaped model. a‒wedge model; b‒cross-plot of two-way travel time vs. amplitude under different seismic frequencies.
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Figure 6.
Comparison of reservoir thickness identified by different inversion methods using a Widess wedge-shaped model. a‒Widess wedge-shaped model; b‒forward modeling using seismic wavelet with a dominant frequency of 30 Hz; c–sparse pulse inversion results; d‒frequency division inversion results.
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Figure 7.
Cross-plot of P-wave impedance vs. RES.BD.
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Figure 8.
Frequency spectrum characteristics of a seismic section of NGH-bearing deposits.
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Figure 9.
Comparison between SVM training results and RES.BD logging curves.
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Figure 10.
Correlation of seismic sections with RES.BD logging curve. a–correlation between the original seismic section and the RES.BD logging curve; b‒correlation between the seismic section after 90° phase conversion and the RES.BD logging curve.
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Figure 11.
Correlation between the section obtained from frequency division inversion vs. RES.BD logging curve of site W03.
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Figure 12.
Distribution pattern of hydrate accumulation in the Shenhu Area.