| Citation: |
Ming-liang Liang, Zong-xiu Wang, Guo-dong Zheng, Hugh Christopher Greenwell, Hui-jun Li, Lin-yan Zhang, Xing-qiang Feng, Kai-xun Zhang, 2020. Occurrence and influence of residual gas released by crush methods on pore structure in Longmaxi shale in Yangtze Plate, Southern China, China Geology, 3, 545-557. doi: 10.31035/cg2020070
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Occurrence and influence of residual gas released by crush methods on pore structure in Longmaxi shale in Yangtze Plate, Southern China
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Abstract
The composition of gas released under vacuum by crushing from the gas shale of Longmaxi Formation in Upper Yangtze Plate, Southern China was systematically investigated in this study. The effect of residual gas release on pore structures was checked using low-pressure nitrogen adsorption techniques. The influence of particle size on the determination of pore structure characteristics was considered. Using the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill method from low-pressure nitrogen adsorption data, the fractal dimensions were identified at relative pressures of 0‒0.5 and 0.5‒1 as D1 and D2, respectively, and the evolution of fractal features related to gas release was also discussed. The results showed that a variety component of residual gas was released from all shale samples, containing hydrocarbon gas of CH4 (29.58%‒92.53%), C2H6 (0.97%‒2.89%), C3H8 (0.01%‒0.65%), and also some non-hydrocarbon gas such as CO2 (3.54%‒67.09%) and N2 (1.88%‒8.07%). The total yield of residual gas was in a range from 6.1 μL/g to 17.0 μL/g related to rock weight. The geochemical and mineralogical analysis suggested that the residual gas yield was positively correlated with quartz (R2=0.5480) content. The residual gas released shale sample has a higher surface area of 17.20‒25.03 m2/g and the nitrogen adsorption capacity in a range of 27.32‒40.86 ml/g that is relatively higher than the original samples (with 9.22‒16.30 m2/g and 10.84‒17.55 ml/g). Clearer hysteresis loop was observed for the original shale sample in nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms than residual gas released sample. Pore structure analysis showed that the proportions of micro-, meso- and macropores were changed as micropores decreased while meso- and macropores increased. The fractal dimensions D1 were in range from 2.5466 to 2.6117 and D2 from 2.6998 to 2.7119 for the residual gas released shale, which is smaller than the original shale. This factor may indicate that the pore in residual gas released shale was more homogeneous than the original shale. The results indicated that both residual gas and their pore space have few contributions to shale gas production and effective reservoir evaluation. The larger fragments samples of granular rather than powdery smaller than 60 mesh fraction of shale seem to be better for performing effective pore structure analysis to the Longmaxi shale.
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References
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Ming-liang Liang, Zong-xiu Wang, Guo-dong Zheng, Hugh Christopher Greenwell, Hui-jun Li, Lin-yan Zhang, Xing-qiang Feng, Kai-xun Zhang, 2020. Occurrence and influence of residual gas released by crush methods on pore structure in Longmaxi shale in Yangtze Plate, Southern China, China Geology, 3, 545-557. doi: 10.31035/cg2020070
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Figure 1.
Map showing the location and outcrop photograph of the study area in Yongshun County, Hunan Province, Southern China.
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Figure 2.
Schematic diagram of the experimental device for the analysis of released gas with gas chromatography.
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Figure 3.
a‒Relationship between shale compositions and residual gas yield of shale samples; b‒Longmaxi shale with fracture filling; c, d‒inclusions developed in fracture filling of Longmaxi shale.
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Figure 4.
Isotherms of nitrogen adsorption and desorption for original (O) (a, c) and residual gas released (R) shale samples (b, d). The desorption branch always above the adsorption branch. A significant hysteresis loop and larger detachment were observed for original shale samples than residual gas released shale.
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Figure 5.
Pore size distribution is defined by incremental pore volume by DFT methods. Pore diameters range between 0.4 nm and 300 nm. The boundaries between micro-, meso- and macropores are highlighted by dashed lines. a, c‒pore size distribution for original shale samples; b, d‒pore size distribution for residual gas released shale samples.
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Figure 6.
The average cumulative pore volume of different pore diameter ranges was calculated by the DFT model for original and residual-gas released shale samples. The cumulative pore volume of meso- and macro-pore showed an increasing trend with residual-gas releasing, while the micropore pore volume decreased.
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Figure 7.
Plots of ln(V) vs. ln[ln(P0/P)] were reconstructed from the nitrogen adsorption isotherms for all shale samples in this study. The original shale samples marked as solid-symbol and residual-gas released samples as open-symbol for all samples (a‒f). The plots of residual-gas released samples always above the original samples for all shale samples (a‒f).
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Figure 8.
The schematic diagram shows the change of the original pore structure and the pore connectivity network influenced by residual gas releasing and particle crushing. Pores in the original shale sample were: a, b‒micropores; c‒macropores; d, e‒mesopores; f, g‒opened pores of meso- and macropore; h, i‒closed pores. Pores in residual gas released shale sample was opened pores, characterized and dominated on meso- and macropore.