| Citation: |
Hui-qiang Yao, Yong-gang Liu, Yong Yang, Jin-feng Ma, Huo-Dai Zhang, Jiang-bo Ren, Xi-guang Deng, Gao-wen He, 2021. Assessment of acoustic backscatter intensity surveying on deep-sea ferromanganese crust: Constraints from Weijia Guyot, western Pacific Ocean, China Geology, 4, 288-298. doi: 10.31035/cg2020046
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Assessment of acoustic backscatter intensity surveying on deep-sea ferromanganese crust: Constraints from Weijia Guyot, western Pacific Ocean
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Abstract
Near-bottom observation data from the manned deep submersible Jiaolong with high-precision underwater positioning data from Weijia Guyot, Magellan Seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean are reported. Three substrate types were identified: Sediment, ferromanganese crust, and ferromanganese crust with a thin cover of sediment. The ferromanganese crusts show clear zoning and their continuity is usually disturbed by sediments on areas of the mountainside with relatively gentle slope gradients. The identified substrate spatial distributions correspond to acoustic backscatter intensity data, with regions of high intensity always including crust development and regions of low intensity always having sediment. Therefore, acoustic backscatter intensity surveying appears useful in the delineation and evaluation of crust resources, although further more work is needed to develop a practicable methodology.
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References
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Hui-qiang Yao, Yong-gang Liu, Yong Yang, Jin-feng Ma, Huo-Dai Zhang, Jiang-bo Ren, Xi-guang Deng, Gao-wen He, 2021. Assessment of acoustic backscatter intensity surveying on deep-sea ferromanganese crust: Constraints from Weijia Guyot, western Pacific Ocean, China Geology, 4, 288-298. doi: 10.31035/cg2020046
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Figure 1.
The schematic diagram showing the study area. a–the schematic diagram shows the location of Weijia Guyot, western Pacific Ocean; b–bathymetric map of Weijia Guyot and red solid lines are tracks of the manned deep submersible Jiaolong.
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Figure 2.
Near-bottom working photos of Jiaolong submersible. a–collecting the cobalt nodules; b–collecting the gravel-like ferromanganese crust.
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Figure 3.
Substrate distribution characteristics along the track of dive 105. a–FC and sediment distributions: Red indicates FCs (C1); pink indicates FCs with thin sediment covering (C2); black indicates sediment (S); b–depth and slope gradient profiles.
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Figure 4.
Typical screenshots for the dive 105. a–section A–B, FC with thin sediment covering; b–section B–C, FC with scour marks; c–section C–D, wavy sediment; d–section D–E, FC with thin sediment covering and scour marks; e–section E–F, FC; f–section F–G, FC with poor continuity and thin sediment layer, and development of gravel-like FC.
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Figure 5.
Substrate distribution characteristics along the track of dive 106. a–FC and sediment distributions: Red indicates FCs (C1); pink indicates FCs with thin sediment covering (C2); black indicates sediment (S); b–depth and slope gradient profiles.
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Figure 6.
Typical screenshots for dive 106. a–section A–B, FC with thin sediment layer and visible scour marks; b–section C–D, continuous distribution of FC, visible scour marks; c–section H–I, continuous distribution of FC; d–section I–J, poor continuity of FC, thin layer of sediment, and gravel-like FC.
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Figure 7.
Substrate and backscatter intensity characteristics along the track of dive 105. a–substrate distribution: Red, C1; pink, C2; and black, S. b–acoustic backscatter intensity profile.
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Figure 8.
Box-whisker diagrams showing the relative backscatter intensity for each seabed type along the track for dive 105. Brackets represent the standard range of data = 1.5 × inter-quartile range; red crosses represent the means; solid blue circles represent the maximum and minimum values.
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Figure 9.
Substrate and backscatter intensity characteristics along the track of dive 106. a–substrate distribution: Red, C1; pink, C2; black, S. b–acoustic backscatter intensity profile.
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Figure 10.
Box-whisker diagrams of relative backscatter intensity for each seabed type along the track of dive 106. Brackets represent the standard range of data = 1.5 × inter-quartile range; red crosses represent means; blue solid circles represent maximum and minimum values.
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Figure 11.
ABI inter-quartile ranges for each seabed type along the track of Dive 105 and Dive 106. Substrate distribution: red, C1; pink, C2; and black, S