| Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences | Host |
| Groundwater Science and Engineering Limited | Publish |
| Citation: |
Joelle Yemeli Elida, Emile Temgoua, Lucas Kengni, Jean-Paul Ambrosi, Mathieu Momo-nouazi, Brice Silatsa-Tedou Francis, Robean Wamba Franck, Brice Tchakam-Kamtchueng. 2021. Hydro-geochemistry of groundwater and surface water in Dschang town (West Cameroon): Alkali and alkaline-earth elements ascertain lithological and anthropogenic constraints. Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 9(3): 212-224. doi: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2021.03.004
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Hydro-geochemistry of groundwater and surface water in Dschang town (West Cameroon): Alkali and alkaline-earth elements ascertain lithological and anthropogenic constraints
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Abstract
This study focuses on the sources of alkali and alkaline-earth elements based on the geochemistry of groundwater and surface water in Dschang concerning environmental and anthropogenic constraints. A comprehensive set of 50 samples from groundwater and surface water were analyzed by ICP-MS and processed by spatial interpolation in a GIS environment. The results highlight a geochemical anomaly at the center of the densely inhabited area subject to a profusion of open dumps discharges. This anomaly with the highest spatial contents of Be (Cs, Rb, Mg) suggests an anthropogenic source that demarcates with the lowest alkali and alkaline-earth elements on the peripheral area of Dschang. Other findings include lithological constraints with volcanic rocks being the main source compared to granitoid. The study points out good correlations between Be, Cs, Rb and Mg spatial distributions and physico-chemical parameters of waters (K, EC, TDS), and inversely with the lowest pH. pH is established as the most functioning physico-chemical constraint of alkali and alkaline-earth mobility in Dschang. The pH lowest values within the geochemical anomaly also highlight the impact of human activities on water acidity, which later enhance elements mobility and enrichment. Despite low elements contents relative to WHO standards, our findings point out an example of anthropogenic impact on water geochemistry linked to solid waste pollution; it also demonstrates significant anthropogenic changes of environmental physico-chemical parameters of prime importance in the mobility and distribution of elements in the study area. Similar assessments should be extended in major towns in Cameroon.
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References
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Joelle Yemeli Elida, Emile Temgoua, Lucas Kengni, Jean-Paul Ambrosi, Mathieu Momo-nouazi, Brice Silatsa-Tedou Francis, Robean Wamba Franck, Brice Tchakam-Kamtchueng. 2021. Hydro-geochemistry of groundwater and surface water in Dschang town (West Cameroon): Alkali and alkaline-earth elements ascertain lithological and anthropogenic constraints. Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering, 9(3): 212-224. doi: 10.19637/j.cnki.2305-7068.2021.03.004
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Figure 1.
(a) Localization of Cameroon within nearby countries; (b) Localization of Dschang town on the southern slope of Mount Bambouto
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Figure 2.
(a) Settlement and drainage pattern in Dschang. Water samples locations and distribution of anthropogenic pollution sites are shown. Vegetable garden sites are adapted from Ntangmo Tsafack et al. (2012); (b) Geology of Dschang area
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Figure 3.
Water sampling on the field. (a) Spring on densely populated area of Dschang; (b) Spring on peripheral area of Dschang; (c) Sampling kit.
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Figure 4.
Relationship scatters diagram of EC, pH, TDS and T. pH values are magnified with a 10 factor. (a) Groundwater on basalts; (b) Groundwater on ignimbrites; (c) Groundwater on granitoids; d) Rivers.
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Figure 5.
Spatial interpolated distribution maps of (a) temperature; (b) the hydrogen potential (pH); (c) electrical conductivity (EC); (d) total dissolved solids in Dschang
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Figure 6.
Binary diagrams of the correlation between alkaline and alkaline earth elements and physico-chemical parameters of waters in Dschang (a) Mg vs TDS; (b) Cs vs TDS; (c) Rb vs TDS; (d) Be vs TDS; (e) Ba vs TDS; (f) Ba vs Rb. Colors represent the different lithological origins of groundwater samples, and surface water
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Figure 7.
Rb/Sr ratio relative to lithology and types of waters.
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Figure 8.
Interpolated maps of the spatial distribution of alkaline and alkaline earth elements in Dschang. Settlements and anthropogenic sources of elements distribution are superimposed for a comprehensive analysis.