Identification and significance of fluid exsolution in high silica granite

WANG Zhiqiang; ZHOU Meijuan; LI Xunfei; DA Haoxiang

doi:10.16788/j.hddz.32-1865/P.2024.01.003

2024 Vol. 45, No. 1

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WANG Zhiqiang, ZHOU Meijuan, LI Xunfei, DA Haoxiang. 2024. Identification and significance of fluid exsolution in high silica granite. East China Geology, 45(1): 26-48. doi: 10.16788/j.hddz.32-1865/P.2024.01.003

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WANG Zhiqiang, ZHOU Meijuan, LI Xunfei, DA Haoxiang. 2024. Identification and significance of fluid exsolution in high silica granite. East China Geology, 45(1): 26-48. doi: 10.16788/j.hddz.32-1865/P.2024.01.003

Identification and significance of fluid exsolution in high silica granite

1. Ore Deposit and Exploration Centre (ODEC), School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China;
2. Anhui Province Engineering Research Center for Mineral Resources and Mine Environments, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China

Received Date: 15 January 2024

Revised Date: 07 March 2024

Abstract

Abstract

High silica granite is characterized with low content of dark minerals, abundant SiO₂, Rb, poor MgO, FeO, Sr, Ba, and enrichment of rare metal elements. Research on it is crucial to understand the petrogenesis of granite, the enrichment of rare metal elements and mineralization process. The petrographic and geochemical characteristics indicate that it has undergone a high degree of differentiation evolution. Volatile components such as H₂O, as incompatible components, are gradually enriched and eventually saturated in the residual melt, resulting in inevitable fluid dissolution in high silica granitic melts, but how to identify it is difficult. This paper summarizes the evidence and indicators for fluid exsolution in high silica granite from the perspectives of petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, mineralogy, and metal stable isotopes (Li, Ba, Fe). The appearance of miarolitic structure, snowball texture and unidirectional solidification texture are important petrographic signs of fluid exsolution. In terms of whole-rock geochemistry, extremely low Nb/Ta values (<5), Zr/Hf values and the tetrad effect of rare earth elements are effective identifiers of fluid-melt interaction. In mineralogy, metamictization and LREE enrichment of zircon and high Pb content in K-feldspar indicate the involvement of hydrothermal fluids. Compared to common granite, high silica granite is usually enriched with heavy Li, light Ba, and heavy Fe isotopes. Fluid-melt interaction is probably the major factor in isotope fractionation of high silica granite. However, some geochemical evidence remains controversial, so we recommend to use together the various lines of evidence. After the two-stage enrichment process of magma evolution and fluid exsolution, rare metal elements can be extremely enriched in the exsolved fluid and then mineralized.
- high silica granite /
- fluid exsolution /
- magmatic-hydrothermal transition /
- metal stable isotopes /
- rare-metal mineralization

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References

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