China Geological Environmental Monitoring InstituteHost
Advanced Search
Previous Article Next Article
2025 Vol. 52, No. 1
Article Contents
Article navigation > Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology > 2025 > 52(1): 225-237
Next Article Previous Article

YANG Gang, GUO Xiujun, LU Jie, CAI Yongrui. Migration patterns of oil leakage from underground oil depots on coral islands and reefs, and its impact on freshwater lenses[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2025, 52(1): 225-237. doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202311055
Citation: YANG Gang, GUO Xiujun, LU Jie, CAI Yongrui. Migration patterns of oil leakage from underground oil depots on coral islands and reefs, and its impact on freshwater lenses[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2025, 52(1): 225-237. doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202311055
shu

Migration patterns of oil leakage from underground oil depots on coral islands and reefs, and its impact on freshwater lenses

  • 1.

    Sanya Institute of Ocean Research, Ocean University of China, Sanya, Hainan　572000, China

  • 2.

    College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong　266100, China

More Information
Received Date:  29 November 2023
Revised Date:  13 February 2024
Publish Date:  15 January 2025
    Abstract

  • Amid the increasing scarcity of terrestrial resources, the vast resource potential of the marine environment has accelerated human exploration and exploitation of the ocean. As a crucial pivot for maritime activities, the construction of underground oil storage facilities on islands and reefs can serve as an energy foundation for various projects. However, the potential risk of oil leaks cannot be overlooked, as oil spills on islands and reefs can contaminate freshwater lenses and even spread further into the ocean, causing significant harm to the ecological environment. To investigate the pollution migration patterns of underground oil storage leaks and their invasion mechanisms into freshwater lenses, This study determined the pollution migration characteristics and primary driving forces through indoor simulation experiments. A numerical model of the same scale was established using COMSOL to further clarify the influence of different rainfall intensities and oil properties on pollution migration. The results indicate that: (1) Oil pollution migration under the hydrogeological conditions of coral islands and reefs is primarily influenced by two driving forces that is vertical migration driven by gravity and seaward discharge driven by the dynamic groundwater flow field on islands and reefs. (2) The stronger the rainfall recharge intensity on islands and reefs, the greater the influence the groundwater flow field on driving pollution seaward, and the less impact on freshwater lenses. (3) DNAPL-type oil pollution exhibits different migration patterns from LNAPL-type oil pollution, but it has no significant impact on freshwater lenses. This study provides a theoretical basis and information for the selection of oil storage sites, pollution prevention, and freshwater resource protection during the development of coral islands and reefs.

    • FullText(HTML)
  • 加载中
    • References
  • [1] 姚宇,钟翔. 岛礁水沙动力学研究综述[J]. 长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版),2023,20(4):1 − 10. [YAO Yu,ZHONG Xiang. A review of water-sediment dynamics around the reef islands[J]. Journal of Changsha University of Science & Technology (Natural Science),2023,20(4):1 − 10. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    YAO Yu, ZHONG Xiang. A review of water-sediment dynamics around the reef islands[J]. Journal of Changsha University of Science & Technology （Natural Science）, 2023, 20（4）: 1 − 10. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [2] 陈韶阳,龚彦维. 海岛振兴视角下的南海发展格局构想[C]//中国海洋发展研究会应用海洋学分会,天津大学海洋战略研究所,天津大学海洋科学与技术学院. 我国海洋可持续发展与海岛振兴战略研讨论文集. 天津:天津大学海洋科学与技术学院,2023:10. [CHEN Shaoyang,GONG Yanwei. Conceptualization of the Development Pattern in the South China Sea from the Perspective of Island Revitalization[C]// Proceedings of the Symposium on Sustainable Development of the Ocean and the Strategy of Island Revitalization in China organized by the Applied Oceanography Branch of China Society of Oceanography,Institute of Ocean Strategy at Tianjin University, School of Marine Science and Technology at Tianjin University. Tianjin:School of Marine Science and Technology,Tianjin University,2023:10. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    CHEN Shaoyang, GONG Yanwei. Conceptualization of the Development Pattern in the South China Sea from the Perspective of Island Revitalization[C]// Proceedings of the Symposium on Sustainable Development of the Ocean and the Strategy of Island Revitalization in China organized by the Applied Oceanography Branch of China Society of Oceanography, Institute of Ocean Strategy at Tianjin University, School of Marine Science and Technology at Tianjin University. Tianjin: School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 2023: 10. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [3] 周从直,方振东,魏营,等. 珊瑚岛礁淡水透镜体的开发利用[M].重庆 :重庆大学出版社,2017:415. [ZHOU Congzhi,FANG Zhendong,WEI Ying,et al. Development and Utilization of Freshwater Lenses in Coral Reefs[M]. Chongqing:Chongqing University Press,2017:415. (in Chinese)]

    Google Scholar

    ZHOU Congzhi, FANG Zhendong, WEI Ying, et al. Development and Utilization of Freshwater Lenses in Coral Reefs[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2017: 415. （in Chinese）

    Google Scholar

    [4] 王玉慧. 南海岛礁建设的生态保护法律问题研究[D]. 海口:海南大学,2019. [WANG Yuhui. A study on legal issues of ecological protection in the construction of islands and reefs in the South China Sea [D]. Haikou:Hainan University,2019. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    WANG Yuhui. A study on legal issues of ecological protection in the construction of islands and reefs in the South China Sea [D]. Haikou: Hainan University, 2019. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [5] 林昆勇,余克服. 基于我国珊瑚礁探测历史的南海岛礁主权维护路径研究[J]. 广西大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018,40(1):106 − 112. [LIN Kunyong,YU Kefu. Research on the path of sovereignty maintenance of islands and reefs in the South China Sea based on the detection history of coral reefs in China[J]. Journal of Guangxi University (Philosophy and Social Science),2018,40(1):106 − 112. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    LIN Kunyong, YU Kefu. Research on the path of sovereignty maintenance of islands and reefs in the South China Sea based on the detection history of coral reefs in China[J]. Journal of Guangxi University （Philosophy and Social Science）, 2018, 40（1）: 106 − 112. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [6] 刘玄宇,刘云刚. 中国南海海洋国土开发与管控研究展望[J]. 自然资源学报,2021,36(9):2205 − 2218. [LIU Xuanyu,LIU Yungang. The development and regulation of marine territory in the South China Sea,China:Review and prospect[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2021,36(9):2205 − 2218. (in Chinese with English abstract)] doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20210904

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    LIU Xuanyu, LIU Yungang. The development and regulation of marine territory in the South China Sea, China: Review and prospect[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2021, 36（9）: 2205 − 2218. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20210904

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [7] 郎梦凡,欧阳卓智,郭学涛.石油烃在土壤中迁移的研究进展[C]//中国环境科学学会环境工程分会.中国环境科学学会2022年科学技术年会——环境工程技术创新与应用分会场论文集(四).咸阳:西北农林科技大学, 2022: 7. [LANG Mengfan, OUYANG Zhuozhi,GUO Xuetao. Research progress on the migration of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil[C]//Environmental Engineering Branch,Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences. Proceedings of the 2022 Annual Conference of the Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences : Environmental Engineering Technology Innovation and Application Branch (Session Four). Xianyang: Northwest A&F University, 2022: 7. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    LANG Mengfan, OUYANG Zhuozhi, GUO Xuetao. Research progress on the migration of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil[C]//Environmental Engineering Branch, Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences. Proceedings of the 2022 Annual Conference of the Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences : Environmental Engineering Technology Innovation and Application Branch （Session Four）. Xianyang: Northwest A&F University, 2022: 7. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [8] 钱程,穆文平,邢渊,等. 某气田石油类污染物运移数值模拟研究[J]. 环境工程,2016,34(4):68 − 72. [QIAN Cheng,MU Wenping,XING Yuan,et al. Numerical simulation of petroleum contaminant transport in a field[J]. Environmental Engineering,2016,34(4):68 − 72. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    QIAN Cheng, MU Wenping, XING Yuan, et al. Numerical simulation of petroleum contaminant transport in a field[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2016, 34（4）: 68 − 72. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [9] 肖鹏,刘汉乐. 饱和砂土中DNAPL污染物迁移过程及数值模拟[J]. 中国环境科学,2024,44(1):386 − 395. [XIAO Peng,LIU Hanle. Transport processes and numerical simulation of DNAPL contaminants in saturated sandy soils[J]. China Environmental Science,2024,44(1):386 − 395. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    XIAO Peng, LIU Hanle. Transport processes and numerical simulation of DNAPL contaminants in saturated sandy soils[J]. China Environmental Science, 2024, 44（1）: 386 − 395. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [10] SULAYMON A H,GZAR H A. Experimental investigation and numerical modeling of light nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution and transport in a saturated zone of the soil[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,186(2/3):1601 − 1614.

    Google Scholar

    [11] 周从直,何丽,杨琴,等. 珊瑚岛礁淡水透镜体三维数值模拟研究[J]. 水利学报,2010,41(5):560 − 566. [ZHOU Congzhi,HE Li,YANG Qin,et al. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of freshwater len in coral islands[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(5):560 − 566. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    ZHOU Congzhi, HE Li, YANG Qin, et al. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of freshwater len in coral islands[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2010, 41（5）: 560 − 566. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [12] 黎大宁. 永兴岛淡水透镜体的季节特征及影响因素[D]. 湛江:广东海洋大学,2019. [LI Daning. Seasonal characteristics and influencing factors of freshwater lens in Yongxing Island[D]. Zhanjiang:Guangdong Ocean University,2019. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    LI Daning. Seasonal characteristics and influencing factors of freshwater lens in Yongxing Island[D]. Zhanjiang: Guangdong Ocean University, 2019. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [13] WERNER A D,SHARP H K,GALVIS S C,et al. Hydrogeology and management of freshwater lenses on atoll islands:Review of current knowledge and research needs[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2017,551:819 − 844. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.02.047

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [14] SHENG C,HAN D M,XU H H,et al. Evaluating dynamic mechanisms and formation process of freshwater lenses on reclaimed atoll islands in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2020,584:124641. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124641

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [15] YAO Yingying,ANDREWS C,ZHENG Yan,et al. Development of fresh groundwater lens in coastal reclaimed islands[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2019,573:365 − 375. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.03.062

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [16] 王新志. 南沙群岛珊瑚礁工程地质特性及大型工程建设可行性研究[D]. 武汉:中国科学院研究生院(武汉岩土力学研究所),2008. [WANG Xinzhi. Geological Characteristics and feasibility study of large-scale engineering construction on coral reefs in the Nansha Islands [D]. Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    WANG Xinzhi. Geological Characteristics and feasibility study of large-scale engineering construction on coral reefs in the Nansha Islands [D]. Wuhan: Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2008. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [17] YANG Jie,GRAF T,LUO Jian,et al. Effect of cut-off wall on freshwater storage in small islands considering ocean surge inundation[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2021,603:127143. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127143

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [18] TANG Yuening,YAN Min,WANG Xiaoxiong,et al. Experimental and modeling investigation of pumping from a fresh groundwater lens in an idealized strip island[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2021,602:126734. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126734

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [19] 汪晗. 珊瑚岛礁地下构筑物建设对淡水透镜体影响研究[D]. 青岛:中国海洋大学,2023. [WANG Han. Study on the impact of underground construction on freshwater lenses in coral islands[D]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2023. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    WANG Han. Study on the impact of underground construction on freshwater lenses in coral islands[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 2023. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [20] POST V E A,BOSSERELLE A L,GALVIS S C,et al. On the resilience of small-island freshwater lenses:Evidence of the long-term impacts of groundwater abstraction on bonriki island,Kiribati[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2018,564:133 − 148. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.06.015

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [21] 马婧,鲁春辉,吴吉春,等. 一种可增加海岛地下淡水资源储量的方法研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2020,47(3):1 − 7. [MA Jing,LU Chunhui,WU Jichun,et al. A method for improving the fresh groundwater storage of oceanic islands[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2020,47(3):1 − 7. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    MA Jing, LU Chunhui, WU Jichun, et al. A method for improving the fresh groundwater storage of oceanic islands[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2020, 47（3）: 1 − 7. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [22] 黄云,胡其高,张硕云. 南海海洋环境对岛礁工程结构与设施影响研究[J]. 国防科技,2018,39(3):50 − 63. [HUANG Yun,HU Qigao,ZHANG Shuoyun. Research on the marine environmental impact on reef structures maintenance[J]. Defense Technology Review,2018,39(3):50 − 63. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    HUANG Yun, HU Qigao, ZHANG Shuoyun. Research on the marine environmental impact on reef structures maintenance[J]. Defense Technology Review, 2018, 39（3）: 50 − 63. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [23] 张增湘. 三沙市永兴社区建设与治理问题研究[D]. 海口:海南大学,2018. [ZHANG Zengxiang. Research on the construction and governance issues of Yongxing Community in Sansha City [D]. Haikou:Hainan University,2018. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    ZHANG Zengxiang. Research on the construction and governance issues of Yongxing Community in Sansha City [D]. Haikou: Hainan University, 2018. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [24] 盛冲,许鹤华,张文涛. 地貌变化对永兴岛淡水透镜体影响的数值模拟[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2018,45(6):7 − 14. [SHENG Chong,XU Hehua,ZHANG Wentao. Numerical simulation of the effect of geomorphologic changes on freshwater lens in the Yongxing Island[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2018,45(6):7 − 14. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    SHENG Chong, XU Hehua, ZHANG Wentao. Numerical simulation of the effect of geomorphologic changes on freshwater lens in the Yongxing Island[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2018, 45（6）: 7 − 14. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [25] 吴照群. 非水相流体在土体中运移的数值模拟[D]. 北京:清华大学,2008. [WU Zhaoqun. Numerical simulation of non-aqueous fluid migration in soil[D]. Beijing:Tsinghua University,2008. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    WU Zhaoqun. Numerical simulation of non-aqueous fluid migration in soil[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2008. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [26] YAN Min,LU Chunhui,WERNER A D,et al. Analytical,experimental,and numerical investigation of partially penetrating barriers for expanding island freshwater lenses[J]. Water Resources Research,2021,57(3):e2020wr028386. doi: 10.1029/2020WR028386

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [27] FETTER C W J. Position of the saline water interface beneath oceanic islands[J]. Water Resources Research,1972,8(5):1307 − 1315. doi: 10.1029/WR008i005p01307

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [28] VACHER H L. Dupuit-Ghyben-Herzberg analysis of strip-island lenses[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,1988,100(4):580 − 591. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0580:DGHAOS>2.3.CO;2

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [29] STOECKL L,HOUBEN G. Flow dynamics and age stratification of freshwater lenses:Experiments and modeling[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2012,458:9 − 15.

    Google Scholar

    [30] DOSE E J,STOECKL L,HOUBEN G J,et al. Experiments and modeling of freshwater lenses in layered aquifers:Steady state interface geometry[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2014,509:621 − 630. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.10.010

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [31] LI Yuxi,SHU Longcang,ZHEN Li,et al. Laboratory physical experiments on the saltwater upconing and recovery of island freshwater lenses:Case study of a coral island,China[J]. Water,2021,13(9):1137. doi: 10.3390/w13091137

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [32] 国家市场监督管理总局,国家标准化管理委员会. 3号喷气燃料:GB 6537—2018[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2018. [State Administration for Market Regulation,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. No. 3 jet fuel:GB 6537—2018[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2018. (in Chinese)]

    Google Scholar

    State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. No. 3 jet fuel: GB 6537—2018[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018. （in Chinese）

    Google Scholar

    [33] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. 船用燃料油:GB 17411—2015[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2016. [General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Marine fuel oils:GB 17411—2015[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2016. (in Chinese)]

    Google Scholar

    General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Marine fuel oils: GB 17411—2015[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2016. （in Chinese）

    Google Scholar

    [34] 夏湘黔. 氡示踪技术评估土壤NAPL污染的理论与实验研究[D]. 衡阳:南华大学,2019. [XIA Xiangqian. Theoretical and experimental study on evaluation of soil NAPL pollution by radon tracer technology[D]. Hengyang:University of South China,2019. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    XIA Xiangqian. Theoretical and experimental study on evaluation of soil NAPL pollution by radon tracer technology[D]. Hengyang: University of South China, 2019. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [35] LUO Zirong,LI Dandan,TAN Shaozao,et al. Preparation and oil–water separation of 3D kapok fiber-reduced graphene oxide aerogel[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology,2020,95(3):639 − 648.

    Google Scholar

    [36] SHARAWI A A, HAMODA E A,KARRAR A A. Evaluation of a numerical model using comsol multi-physics package[C]// 2015 Fifth International Conference on e-Learning. New York:IEEE, 2015: 42−46.

    Google Scholar

    [37] WANG Xiaopu,HOU Lianjie,HE Tianhao,et al. Numerical simulation of the enrichment of chemotactic bacteria in oil-water two-phase transfer fields of heterogeneous porous media[J]. Applied Sciences,2022,12(10):5215. doi: 10.3390/app12105215

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [38] SHENG Chong,JIAO J J,XU Hehua,et al. Influence of land reclamation on fresh groundwater lenses in oceanic islands:Laboratory and numerical validation[J]. Water Resources Research,2021,57(10):e2021wr030238. doi: 10.1029/2021WR030238

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [39] BANSAL R K. Groundwater fluctuations in sloping aquifers induced by time-varying replenishment and seepage from a uniformly rising stream[J]. Transport in Porous Media,2012,94(3):817 − 836. doi: 10.1007/s11242-012-0026-9

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [40] 李英豪,韩冬梅,曹天正,等. 边坡防渗增加灰沙岛地下淡水的试验与数值模拟研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2023,50(2):13 − 22. [LI Yinghao,HAN Dongmei,CAO Tianzheng,et al. A study of the increase in subsurface freshwater on coral islands by slope seepage control:Experiment and modeling[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2023,50(2):13 − 22. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    LI Yinghao, HAN Dongmei, CAO Tianzheng, et al. A study of the increase in subsurface freshwater on coral islands by slope seepage control: Experiment and modeling[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2023, 50（2）: 13 − 22. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [41] 周从直,方振东,梁恒国,等. 珊瑚岛礁淡水透镜体的数值模[J]. 海洋科学,2004,28(11):77 − 80. [ZHOU Congzhi,FANG Zhendong,LIANG Hengguo,et al. Numerical simulation of freshwater lens on coral island[J]. Marine Sciences,2004,28(11):77 − 80. (in Chinese with English abstract)] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3096.2004.11.017

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    ZHOU Congzhi, FANG Zhendong, LIANG Hengguo, et al. Numerical simulation of freshwater lens on coral island[J]. Marine Sciences, 2004, 28（11）: 77 − 80. （in Chinese with English abstract） doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3096.2004.11.017

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [42] LI Tingwei,JIANG Zhenxue,XU Chenlu,et al. Effect of pore structure on shale oil accumulation in the lower third member of the shahejie formation,Zhanhua Sag,Eastern China:Evidence from gas adsorption and nuclear magnetic resonance[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2017,88:932 − 949. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.09.030

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [43] 樊龙凤,李海英,叶许春. 海岛淡水透镜体研究进展及可持续发展展望[J]. 水资源研究,2019(2):199 − 208. [FAN Longfeng,LI Haiying,YE Xuchun. Review and prospect of sustainable development of island freshwater lens[J]. Journal of Water Resources Research,2019(2):199 − 208. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    FAN Longfeng, LI Haiying, YE Xuchun. Review and prospect of sustainable development of island freshwater lens[J]. Journal of Water Resources Research, 2019（2）: 199 − 208. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [44] 周宇,凌芬曼,施晨晓. 近60年永兴岛热带气旋降水的气候特征分析[J]. 气象科技,2021,49(1):69 − 76. [ZHOU Yu,LING Fenman,SHI Chenxiao. Climatic features of rainfall induced by tropical cyclones in Yongxing Island in recent 60 years[J]. Meteorological Science and Technology,2021,49(1):69 − 76. (in Chinese with English abstract)]

    Google Scholar

    ZHOU Yu, LING Fenman, SHI Chenxiao. Climatic features of rainfall induced by tropical cyclones in Yongxing Island in recent 60 years[J]. Meteorological Science and Technology, 2021, 49（1）: 69 − 76. （in Chinese with English abstract）

    Google Scholar

    [45] 国家环境保护总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838—2002[S]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002. [State Environmental Protection Administration of the People’s Republic of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. Environmental quality standards for surface water:GB 3838—2002[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002. (in Chinese)]

    Google Scholar

    State Environmental Protection Administration of the People’s Republic of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. Environmental quality standards for surface water: GB 3838—2002[S]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2002. （in Chinese）

    Google Scholar

    [46] WHITE I,FALKLAND T. Management of freshwater lenses on small Pacific islands[J]. Hydrogeology Journal,2010,18(1):227 − 246. doi: 10.1007/s10040-009-0525-0

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    • Relative Articles
  • Cited by
  • Supplements
    • Proportional views
  • 加载中
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Figures(13)

Tables(3)

Export Citation
PDF
XML

Article Metrics

Article views(347) PDF downloads(0) Cited by(0)

Access History

Other Articles By Authors

Catalog

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    版权所有：中国地质调查局发展研究中心 copyright @2020