Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of iron-rich groundwater in Xining City

LIU Chunyan; LIU Jingtao; JING Jihong; ZHANG Yuxi; ZHU Liang; HUANG Guanxing; ZHANG Ying; CHEN Xi; ZHOU Bing; YANG Mingnan; XIE Fei; LI Bei

doi:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202311025

2024 Vol. 51, No. 5

Article Contents

Article navigation > Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology > 2024 > 51(5): 45-55

Next Article Previous Article

LIU Chunyan, LIU Jingtao, JING Jihong, ZHANG Yuxi, ZHU Liang, HUANG Guanxing, ZHANG Ying, CHEN Xi, ZHOU Bing, YANG Mingnan, XIE Fei, LI Bei. Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of iron-rich groundwater in Xining City[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2024, 51(5): 45-55. doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202311025

Citation:

LIU Chunyan, LIU Jingtao, JING Jihong, ZHANG Yuxi, ZHU Liang, HUANG Guanxing, ZHANG Ying, CHEN Xi, ZHOU Bing, YANG Mingnan, XIE Fei, LI Bei. Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of iron-rich groundwater in Xining City[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2024, 51(5): 45-55. doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202311025

Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of iron-rich groundwater in Xining City

1.
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco-Geological Processes, Xiamen, Fujian　361021, China
2.
Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, CAGS, Shijiazhuang, Hebei　050061, China

More Information

Corresponding author: JING Jihong, jingjihong@mail.cgs.gov.cn

Received Date: 18 November 2023

Revised Date: 17 January 2024

Publish Date: 15 September 2024

Abstract

Abstract

Groundwater is an important water supply source in Xining City. Previous works have found that iron-rich groundwater limits water development and utilization. However, few studies focus on the distribution characteristics and mechanism of iron-rich groundwater in different types of aquifers in Xining City. Based on the hydrochemical data of 144 groundwater samples, combined with the geological and hydrogeological conditions, the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of iron content in groundwater in different aquifers were analyzed by methods of statistics and geostatistics. The results show that the exceeding standard ratio of iron in groundwater of unconsolidated sediments aquifer (Area Ⅰ) is 27. 85%, which is 1. 6 times and 2. 7 times higher than that of clastic rocks fissure-pore aquifer (Area Ⅱ) and bedrock aquifer (Area Ⅲ), respectively. The proportion of iron-rich groundwater (concentration greater than 0. 3 mg/L) in construction land area is significantly higher than in areas with other land use types. The redox environment and human activities (such as industrial wastewater, domestic sewage, and infiltration of iron-rich river water) may be the main factors affecting the increase of iron content in groundwater in Area I. In addition to the redox environment, Agricultural nitrogen fertilizer use and domestic sewage discharge are also important factors affecting iron-rich groundwater in Area Ⅱ. The iron-rich groundwater in Area Ⅲ is mainly controlled by redox conditions. On the regional scale, the distribution of iron-rich groundwater presents in bands or spots along the river. The iron deposits releasing in the primary strata and human activities (industrial wastewater) are the main source of iron ions in the shallow groundwater in the study area. The migration and enrichment of iron in groundwater are mainly controlled by redox conditions, and affected by the runoff condition, without relation to pH and salt effect. This study can provide scientific basis for urban water environment management in Xining City and similar arid and semi-arid areas.
- groundwater /
- human activities /
- aquifers /
- Fe distribution characteristics /
- influencing factors /
- Xining City

FullText(HTML)

References

[1]	JIA Yongfeng,XI Beidou,JIANG Yonghai,et al. Distribution,formation and human-induced evolution of geogenic contaminated groundwater in China:A review[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,643:967 − 993. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.201 CrossRef Google Scholar
[2]	SHARMA G K,JENA R K,RAY P,et al. Evaluating the geochemistry of groundwater contamination with iron and manganese and probabilistic human health risk assessment in endemic areas of the world’s largest River Island,India[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,2021,87:103690. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103690 CrossRef Google Scholar
[3]	CARRETERO S,KRUSE E. Iron and manganese content in groundwater on the northeastern coast of the Buenos Aires Province,Argentina[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73(5):1983 − 1995. doi: 10.1007/s12665-014-3546-5 CrossRef Google Scholar
[4]	ZHANG Ming,HUANG Guanxing,LIU Chunyan,et al. Distributions and origins of nitrate,nitrite,and ammonium in various aquifers in an urbanized coastal area,South China[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2020,582:124528. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124528 CrossRef Google Scholar
[5]	REHMAN I U,ISHAQ M,ALI L,et al. Enrichment,spatial distribution of potential ecological and human health risk assessment via toxic metals in soil and surface water ingestion in the vicinity of Sewakht mines,district Chitral,Northern Pakistan[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,154:127 − 136. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.033 CrossRef Google Scholar
[6]	余东,周金龙,张杰,等. 新疆喀什地区地下水铁锰水文地球化学及演化规律[J]. 环境科学学报,2021,41(6):2169 − 2181. [YU Dong,ZHOU Jinlong,ZHANG Jie,et al. Hydrogeochemistry and evolution of iron and manganese in groundwater in Kashgar,Xinjiang[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2021,41(6):2169 − 2181. (in Chinese with English abstract)] Google Scholar YU Dong, ZHOU Jinlong, ZHANG Jie, et al. Hydrogeochemistry and evolution of iron and manganese in groundwater in Kashgar, Xinjiang[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2021, 41（6）: 2169 − 2181. （in Chinese with English abstract） Google Scholar
[7]	BENOIT B,ANNIE C,MARYSE F B. Spatial and temporal variations of manganese concentrations in drinking water[J]. Journal of Environmental Science & Health,Part A:Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering,2011,46(6):608 − 616. Google Scholar
[8]	BONDU R,CLOUTIER V,ROSA E. Occurrence of geogenic contaminants in private wells from a crystalline bedrock aquifer in western Quebec,Canada:Geochemical sources and health risks[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2018,559:627 − 637. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.02.042 CrossRef Google Scholar
[9]	YADAV K K,KUMAR S,PHAM Q B,et al. Fluoride contamination,health problems and remediation methods in Asian groundwater:A comprehensive review[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2019,182:109362. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.045 CrossRef Google Scholar
[10]	EPA. Secondary drinking water standards:Guidance for nuisance chemicals[EB/OL]. 2024. https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/secondary-drinking-water-standards-guidance-nuisance-chemicals#table Google Scholar
[11]	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中华人民共和国国家标准化管理委员会. 地下水质量标准:GB/T 14848—2017[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2017. [General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Standard for groundwater quality:GB/T 14848—2017[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2017. (in Chinese)] Google Scholar General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Standard for groundwater quality: GB/T 14848—2017[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2017. （in Chinese） Google Scholar
[12]	吕晓立,刘景涛,周冰,等. 新疆塔城盆地地下水中铁锰分布特征及人类活动的影响[J]. 中国地质,2020,47(6):1765 − 1775. [LÜ Xiaoli,LIU Jingtao,ZHOU Bing,et al. Fe and Mn distribution of groundwater in the Tacheng Basin,Xinjiang and its impact of human activities[J]. Geology in China,2020,47(6):1765 − 1775. (in Chinese with English abstract)] Google Scholar LÜ Xiaoli, LIU Jingtao, ZHOU Bing, et al. Fe and Mn distribution of groundwater in the Tacheng Basin, Xinjiang and its impact of human activities[J]. Geology in China, 2020, 47（6）: 1765 − 1775. （in Chinese with English abstract） Google Scholar
[13]	曾昭华. 长江中下游地区地下水中Mn元素的背景特征及其形成[J]. 上海地质,2004,25(1):9 − 12. [ZENG Zhaohua. The background characteristics and formation of Mn element of groundwater in the area of the middle and lower veaches of the yangfze river[J]. Shanghai Geology,2004,25(1):9 − 12. (in Chinese with English abstract)] Google Scholar ZENG Zhaohua. The background characteristics and formation of Mn element of groundwater in the area of the middle and lower veaches of the yangfze river[J]. Shanghai Geology, 2004, 25（1）: 9 − 12. （in Chinese with English abstract） Google Scholar
[14]	ZHAI Yuanzheng,ZHENG Fuxin,ZHAO Xiaobing,et al. Identification of hydrochemical genesis and screening of typical groundwater pollutants impacting human health:A case study in Northeast China[J]. Environmental Pollution,2019,252:1202 − 1215. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.158 CrossRef Google Scholar
[15]	李英,李洁,薛忠歧,等. 银川平原浅层地下水Fe、Mn空间分布及影响因素研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(5):110 − 115. [LI Ying,LI Jie,XUE Zhongqi,et al. Spatial distribution of iron and manganese in shallow groundwater in Yinchuan Plain[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2018,32(5):110 − 115. (in Chinese with English abstract)] Google Scholar LI Ying, LI Jie, XUE Zhongqi, et al. Spatial distribution of iron and manganese in shallow groundwater in Yinchuan Plain[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2018, 32（5）: 110 − 115. （in Chinese with English abstract） Google Scholar
[16]	梁国玲,孙继朝,黄冠星,等. 珠江三角洲地区地下水锰的分布特征及其成因[J]. 中国地质,2009,36(4):899 − 906. [LIANG Guoling,SUN Jichao,HUANG Guanxing,et al. Origin and distribution characteristics of manganese in groundwater of the Zhujiang River Delta[J]. Geology in China,2009,36(4):899 − 906. (in Chinese with English abstract)] Google Scholar LIANG Guoling, SUN Jichao, HUANG Guanxing, et al. Origin and distribution characteristics of manganese in groundwater of the Zhujiang River Delta[J]. Geology in China, 2009, 36（4）: 899 − 906. （in Chinese with English abstract） Google Scholar
[17]	PAN Xinhao,WANG Yihang,LIU Zhifeng,et al. Understanding urban expansion on the Tibetan Plateau over the past half century based on remote sensing:The case of Xining City China[J]. Remote Sensing,2021,13(1):1 − 24. Google Scholar
[18]	李梦洁. 基于TOD模式的西宁市土地利用效益评价研究[D]. 西宁:青海师范大学,2020. [LI Mengjie. Study on land use benefit evaluation of Xining City based on TOD model[D]. Xining:Qinghai Normal University,2020. (in Chinese with English abstract)] Google Scholar LI Mengjie. Study on land use benefit evaluation of Xining City based on TOD model[D]. Xining: Qinghai Normal University, 2020. （in Chinese with English abstract） Google Scholar
[19]	谢丹,宋卓玛. 西宁市土地利用与生态环境耦合关系[J]. 内江师范学院学报,2017,32(4):89 − 95. [XIE Dan,SONG Zhuoma. Coupling relationship between land use and eco-environment in Xining City[J]. Journal of Neijiang Normal University,2017,32(4):89 − 95. (in Chinese with English abstract)] Google Scholar XIE Dan, SONG Zhuoma. Coupling relationship between land use and eco-environment in Xining City[J]. Journal of Neijiang Normal University, 2017, 32（4）: 89 − 95. （in Chinese with English abstract） Google Scholar
[20]	规划科技处国土规划研究院. 《青海省土地利用总体规划》(2006年—2020年)具体内容[J]. 青海国土经略,2010(4):6 − 8. [Land Planning Research Institute of Planning and Technology Division. The specific contents of the Master Plan of Land Use in Qinghai Province (2006—2020)[J]. Management & Strategy of Qinghai Land & Resources,2010(4):6 − 8. (in Chinese)] Google Scholar Land Planning Research Institute of Planning and Technology Division. The specific contents of the Master Plan of Land Use in Qinghai Province （2006—2020）[J]. Management & Strategy of Qinghai Land & Resources, 2010（4）: 6 − 8. （in Chinese） Google Scholar
[21]	MENDIETA-MENDOZA A,HANSON R T,RENTERIA-VILLALOBOS M. Potential adverse impacts on vulnerability and availability of groundwater from climate-change and land use[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2021,594:125978. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.125978 CrossRef Google Scholar
[22]	MEKONNEN M M,HOEKSTRA A Y. Four billion people facing severe water scarcity[J]. Science Advances,2016,2(2):e1500323. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1500323 CrossRef Google Scholar
[23]	孙思奥,任宇飞,张蔷. 多尺度视角下的青藏高原水资源短缺估算及空间格局[J]. 地球信息科学学报,2019,21(9):1308 − 1317. [SUN Siao,REN Yufei,ZHANG Qiang. A multi-scale perspective on water scarcity assessment in the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science,2019,21(9):1308 − 1317. (in Chinese with English abstract)] Google Scholar SUN Siao, REN Yufei, ZHANG Qiang. A multi-scale perspective on water scarcity assessment in the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2019, 21（9）: 1308 − 1317. （in Chinese with English abstract） Google Scholar
[24]	刘春燕,刘景涛,朱亮,等. 高原河谷城市浅层地下水铁锰分布特征、影响因素及其对生态环境的影响——以西宁市为例[J/OL]. 中国地质,(2023-06-14)[2023-11-18]. [LIU Chunyan,LIU Jingtao,ZHU Liang,et al. Distribution characteristics,influencing factors and impacts on ecological environment of Fe and Mn in shallow groundwater of Plateau Valley-City:A case study of Xining city[J/OL]. Geology in China,(2023-06-14)[2023-11-18]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/detail/11.1167.P.20230613.1552.004.html. (in Chinese with English abstract)] Google Scholar LIU Chunyan, LIU Jingtao, ZHU Liang, et al. Distribution characteristics, influencing factors and impacts on ecological environment of Fe and Mn in shallow groundwater of Plateau Valley-City: A case study of Xining city[J/OL]. Geology in China, （2023-06-14）[2023-11-18]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/detail/11.1167.P.20230613.1552.004.html. （in Chinese with English abstract） Google Scholar
[25]	FAN Yupeng,FANG Chuanglin. Evolution process analysis of urban metabolic patterns and sustainability assessment in Western China,a case study of Xining city[J]. Ecological Indicators,2020,109:105784. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105784 CrossRef Google Scholar
[26]	刘春燕,于开宁,张英,等. 西宁市浅层地下水化学特征及形成机制[J]. 环境科学,2023,44(6):3228 − 3236. [LIU Chunyan,YU Kaining,ZHANG Ying,et al. Characteristics and driving mechanisms of shallow groundwater chemistry in Xining city[J]. Environmental Science,2023,44(6):3228 − 3236. (in Chinese with English abstract)] Google Scholar LIU Chunyan, YU Kaining, ZHANG Ying, et al. Characteristics and driving mechanisms of shallow groundwater chemistry in Xining city[J]. Environmental Science, 2023, 44（6）: 3228 − 3236. （in Chinese with English abstract） Google Scholar
[27]	国家环境保护总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838—2002[S]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002. [State Environmental Protection Administration of the Peoples Republic of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. Environmental quality standards for surface water:GB 3838—2002[S]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002. (in Chinese)] Google Scholar State Environmental Protection Administration of the Peoples Republic of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. Environmental quality standards for surface water: GB 3838—2002[S]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2002. （in Chinese） Google Scholar
[28]	ZHANG Bing,SONG Xianfang,ZHANG Yinghua,et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality assessment of surface water and groundwater in Songnen Plain,Northeast China[J]. Water Research,2012,46(8):2737 − 2748. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.02.033 CrossRef Google Scholar
[29]	LI Zijun,YANG Qingchun,YANG Yuesuo,et al. Isotopic and geochemical interpretation of groundwater under the influences of anthropogenic activities[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2019,576:685 − 697. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.06.037 CrossRef Google Scholar
[30]	陈毓川. 中国新疆战略性固体矿产大型矿集区研究[M]. 北京:地质出版社,2007. [CHEN Yuchuan. Research on large scale ore concentration area of strategic mineral resources in Xinjiang,China[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2007. (in Chinese)] Google Scholar CHEN Yuchuan. Research on large scale ore concentration area of strategic mineral resources in Xinjiang, China[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2007. （in Chinese） Google Scholar
[31]	张爱奎,马生龙,刘光莲,等. 青海省铁矿时空分布、成矿系列及成矿模式[J]. 矿物学报,2019,39(1):41 − 54. [ZHANG Aikui,MA Shenglong,LIU Guanglian,et al. The spatial-temporal distribution,minerogenic series and metallogenic models of iron deposits,Qinghai Province,China[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2019,39(1):41 − 54. (in Chinese with English abstract)] Google Scholar ZHANG Aikui, MA Shenglong, LIU Guanglian, et al. The spatial-temporal distribution, minerogenic series and metallogenic models of iron deposits, Qinghai Province, China[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 2019, 39（1）: 41 − 54. （in Chinese with English abstract） Google Scholar
[32]	ADEYEYE O,XIAO Changlai,ZHANG Zhihao,et al. State,source and triggering mechanism of iron and manganese pollution in groundwater of Changchun,Northeastern China[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2020,192(10):619. doi: 10.1007/s10661-020-08571-0 CrossRef Google Scholar
[33]	JIA Yongfeng,GUO Huaming,JIANG Yuxiao,et al. Hydrogeochemical zonation and its implication for arsenic mobilization in deep groundwaters near alluvial fans in the Hetao Basin,Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2014,518:410 − 420. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.02.004 CrossRef Google Scholar
[34]	KOIT O,BARBERÁ J A,MARANDI A,et al. Spatiotemporal assessment of humic substance-rich stream and shallow Karst aquifer interactions in a boreal catchment of northern Estonia[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2020,580:124238. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124238 CrossRef Google Scholar
[35]	ZHAI Yuanzheng,HAN Yifan,XIA Xuelian,et al. Anthropogenic organic pollutants in groundwater increase releases of Fe and Mn from aquifer sediments:Impacts of pollution degree,mineral content,and pH[J]. Water,2021,13:1 − 15. Google Scholar
[36]	ZHAI Yuanzheng,CAO Xinyi,XIA Xuelian,et al. Elevated Fe and Mn concentrations in groundwater in the Songnen Plain,Northeast China,and the factors and mechanisms involved[J]. Agronomy,2021,11:2392. doi: 10.3390/agronomy11122392 CrossRef Google Scholar
[37]	蔡玲,胡成,陈植华,等. 江汉平原东北部地区高铁锰地下水成因与分布规律[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2019,46(4):18 − 25. [CAI Ling,HU Cheng,CHEN Zhihua,et al. Distribution and genesis of high Fe and Mn groundwater in the northeast of the Jianghan Plain[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2019,46(4):18 − 25. (in Chinese with English abstract)] Google Scholar CAI Ling, HU Cheng, CHEN Zhihua, et al. Distribution and genesis of high Fe and Mn groundwater in the northeast of the Jianghan Plain[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2019, 46（4）: 18 − 25. （in Chinese with English abstract） Google Scholar
[38]	HUANG Guanxing,HAN Dongya,SONG Jiangmin,et al. A sharp contrasting occurrence of iron-rich groundwater in the Pearl River Delta during the past dozen years (2006–2018):The genesis and mitigation effect[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2022,829:154676. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154676 CrossRef Google Scholar
[39]	黄冠星,孙继朝,荆继红,等. 珠江三角洲地区地下水铁的分布特征及其成因[J]. 中国地质,2008,35(3):531 − 538. [HUANG Guanxing,SUN Jichao,JING Jihong,et al. Distribution and origin of iron in groundwater of the Zhujiang delta[J]. Geology in China,2008,35(3):531 − 538. (in Chinese with English abstract)] Google Scholar HUANG Guanxing, SUN Jichao, JING Jihong, et al. Distribution and origin of iron in groundwater of the Zhujiang delta[J]. Geology in China, 2008, 35（3）: 531 − 538. （in Chinese with English abstract） Google Scholar
[40]	ZHAI Yuanzheng,MA Tianyi,ZHOU Jingjing,et al. Impacts of leachate of landfill on the groundwater hydrochemistry and size distributions and heavy metal components of colloids:A case study in NE China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2019,26(6):5713 − 5723. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-4053-0 CrossRef Google Scholar
[41]	DU Yao,DENG Yamin,MA Teng,et al. Enrichment of geogenic ammonium in quaternary alluvial-lacustrine aquifer systems:Evidence from carbon isotopes and DOM characteristics[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2020,54(10):6104 − 6114. Google Scholar
[42]	MCMAHON P B,BELITZ K,REDDY J E,et al. Elevated manganese concentrations in United States groundwater,role of land surface-soil-aquifer connections[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2019,53(1):29 − 38. Google Scholar
[43]	ZHANG Zhihao,XIAO Changlai,YANG Weifei,et al. Effects of the natural environment and human activities on iron and manganese content in groundwater:A case study of Changchun city,Northeast China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2021,28(30):41109 − 41119. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13576-4 CrossRef Google Scholar