| Qingdao Institute of marine geology, China Geological Survey | Host |
| Citation: |
YANG Qingkun, LIU Yong, ZHANG Xiaoliang, LI Hailong. Hydrothermal sedimentary origin of the Ningguo Formation in Jiangshan, Zhejiang Province: evidence of elemental geochemistry and C-O isotopes[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2022, 38(1): 24-32. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2021.197
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Hydrothermal sedimentary origin of the Ningguo Formation in Jiangshan, Zhejiang Province: evidence of elemental geochemistry and C-O isotopes
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Abstract
In recent years, many carbonate interlayers, including lenticular limestones and siderites, have been discovered in the Lower Member of Ningguo Formation of Ordovician in the Jiangnan Area of East China. Controversies occur with regards to the origin of such carbonate rocks. In this paper, the carbonate rocks are studied by means of the petrogeochemistry and C-O isotopes. The Σ(CaO+MgO+LOI) values of these carbonate rocks vary in a relatively narrow range from 95.67% to 89.89%, and the SiO2 and TFe2O3 values are negatively correlated with the Σ(CaO+MgO+LOI) values. However, the values of Al2O3, MnO, P2O5 and TiO2, are not significantly correlated with the Σ(CaO+MgO+LOI) values. The Co/Ni values of these carbonate rocks vary within the range from 0.24 to 0.28, much lower than 1.0, and the Mn/Sr ratios change from 0.14 to 0.33, much lower than 10. In the ternary plots of Al-Fe-Mn, (Cu+Co+Ni)×10-Fe-Mn and Ni-Co-Zn as well as the crossplot of LgU-LgTh, all the studied samples fall in the domain of hydrothermal carbonates. The ΣREE values of these carbonate rocks vary between 13.89×10−6 and 40.73×10−6, much less than the average ΣREE value of the upper crust (146.37×10−6) and slightly higher than the ΣREE value of chondrite (about 2.56×10−6). The δ13CV-PDB, δ18OV-PDB and δ18OSMOW of these carbonate rocks are 0.33‰～0.67‰, −9.76‰～−10.1‰ and 12.56‰～12.9‰ respectively, which are obviously different from those of Marine and lacustrine limestones. Fault systems are well developed in the area, which may provide channels for the downward infiltration of seawater, of which the mixing effects the hydrothermal solution. As a result, the convective activities between seawater and hydrothermal continuously supply heat and diagenetic ions for the ocean basin. This marine hydrothermal deposition event represents a special genetic mode. It lasted for a long time and occurred in a wide range, depending on the provenance of hydrothermal materials and their properties.
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References
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YANG Qingkun, LIU Yong, ZHANG Xiaoliang, LI Hailong. Hydrothermal sedimentary origin of the Ningguo Formation in Jiangshan, Zhejiang Province: evidence of elemental geochemistry and C-O isotopes[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2022, 38(1): 24-32. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2021.197
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Figure 1.
The stratigraphic column of Ningguo Formation in the stratigraphic area of Jiangnan
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Figure 2.
Geological and tectonic sketch map of Jiangshan area, Zhejiang[5]
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Figure 3.
Limestone on the bottom of Ningguo Formation in Shanghengtang section, Jiangshan, Zhejiang
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Figure 4.
REE distribution of limestones on the bottom of Ningguo Formation
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Figure 5.
Spiderweb diagram of trace elements of the limestones on the bottom of Ningguo Formation
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Figure 6.
Correlation diagram of trace elements of limestones at the bottom of Ningguo Formation
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Figure 7.
Diagram of hydrothermal sediments of limestones at the bottom of Ningguo Formation
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Figure 8.
U vs. Th plots of limestones at the bottom of Ningguo Formation
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Figure 9.
Diagram of δ18OV-PDB-δ13CV-PDB of limestones at the bottom of Ningguo Formation
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Figure 10.
Diagram of V/(V+Ni) vs. V/Cr and V/(V+Ni) vs.Ni/Co of limestones at the bottom of Ningguo Formation
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Figure 11.
C vs. O isotopic distribution map of the limestones at the bottom of Ningguo Formation[29]