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SU Jing, GU Xuexiang, PENG Yiwei, SHEN Yufan, SHU Zhiping, LIANG Qingdong, WANG Chunshan, CHEN Xi. 2023. Genesis of the Arqiale Pb-Zn-Cu Deposit in the Western Tianshan, Xinjiang: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and Isotopes. Northwestern Geology, 56(1): 81-98. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2022031
Citation: SU Jing, GU Xuexiang, PENG Yiwei, SHEN Yufan, SHU Zhiping, LIANG Qingdong, WANG Chunshan, CHEN Xi. 2023. Genesis of the Arqiale Pb-Zn-Cu Deposit in the Western Tianshan, Xinjiang: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and Isotopes. Northwestern Geology, 56(1): 81-98. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2022031
shu

Genesis of the Arqiale Pb-Zn-Cu Deposit in the Western Tianshan, Xinjiang: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and Isotopes

  • 1.

    College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory of Tectonic Controls on Mineralization and Hydrocarbon Accumulation, MLR, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China

  • 3.

    School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

  • 4.

    Geological Team 703 of the Xinjiang Bureau of Nonferrous Metals, Yili 835000, Xinjiang, China

  • 5.

    School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China

More Information
Received Date:  18 July 2022
Revised Date:  20 August 2022
Accepted Date:  12 October 2022
Publish Date:  20 February 2023
    Abstract

  • The Arqiale Pb–Zn–Cu deposit is located in the southwestern margin of the Wusun Mountain in the Western Tianshan, Xinjiang Province. The orebodies occur in the limestone of Lower Carboniferous Akeshake Formation and are generally consistent with the strata in occurrence. Considering that the orebodies are stratabound and no magmatic rocks are identified in the orefield, whether the deposit is related to magmatism remains controversial. Ore–forming process can be divided into four stages, including garnet-pyroxene stage (I), actinolite–ilvaite stage (II), quartz–calcite–polymetallic sulfide stage (III) and carbonate stage (IV). Two types of inclusions have been identified in the actinolite from stage Ⅱ and quartz, calcite and sphalerite from stage Ⅲ, including the two–phase aqueous inclusions (L–V type) and mono-phase liquid aqueous inclusions (L type). The L–V type inclusions in actinolite have homogenization temperatures and salinities ranging from 278℃ to 425 ℃ and 2.1 wt.% NaCl eqv to 13.0 wt.% NaCl eqv, respectively. By contrast, the L–V type inclusions in stage III hydrothermal minerals have homogenization temperatures and salinities ranging from 162℃ to 342 ℃ and 0.5 wt.% NaCl eqv to 9.0 wt.% NaCl eqv, respectively. Fluid inclusions and C–H–O isotopic compositions indicate that the initial ore-forming fluids were mainly source from magmatic water, with increasing input of meteoric water with time, leading to the decrease of temperatures and salinities, as well as the precipitation of ore-forming materials. The δ34S rations of sulfides in the ores have a wide range (−7.57‰～1.30‰), and the Pb isotopic compositions have the characteristics of crust–mantle mixing. Combined evidence from geology, fluid inclusions and S–Pb–C–H–O isotopes indicate that the Arqiale Pb–Zn–Cu deposit belongs to the distal skarn type deposit, with the ore–forming materials sourcing partially from the magmatic rocks at depth and partially from the strata. The orebodies in the ore field gradually transit from Pb–Zn orebodies at shallow in the south to Cu ± Zn orebodies at depth in the north, implying that the concealed causative intrusions and skarn Cu orebodies in the contact zone may occur in the deep part in the north of the mining area.

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