| Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences | Host |
| Citation: |
LI Sanzhong, CAO Xianzhi, WANG Guangzeng, LIU Bo, LI Xiyao, SUO Yanhui, JIANG Zhaoxia, GUO Lingli, ZHOU Jie, WANG Pengcheng, ZHU Junjiang, WANG Gang, ZHAO Shujuan, LIU Yongjiang, ZHANG Guowei. MESO-CENOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION AND PLATE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PACIFIC PLATE[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2019, 25(5): 642-677. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.05.060
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MESO-CENOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION AND PLATE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PACIFIC PLATE
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Abstract
The Pacific Plate is the largest oceanic plate on the Earth since Mesozoic, but its original mechanism, structure and tectonic evolution are still unclear. The complexity of the interior of the Pacific Plate has not been taken seriously. Large igneous provinces, seamount chains, oceanic micro-blocks, continental micro-blocks and mantle micro-blocks in the deeper mantle in or under the Pacific Plate are well developed. The geodynamic implications of these complex intraplate or sub-plate structures need to be solved urgently. Based on the latest results of plate reconstruction, this paper attempts to analyze its kinematic process and to reveal the formation and evolution mechanism of the Pacific Plate. The results show that the Pacific Plate originated from the RRR triple junction, but it was not a pure oceanic plate. Its accretion and evolutionary processes have undergone a non-Wilson cycle model. Its margins have undergone the incorporation of some exotic continental or oceanic micro-blocks, and some new oceanic micro-blocks have involved and appeared in its interior for various reasons. It made the Pacific Plate show as a fragmented mosaic pattern. The Pacific Plate recorded important tectonic events interacting with the adjacent tectonic plates. At about 55 Ma, it began to subduct under the East Asian continental margin, resulting in a short NW-SE-directed extension of the East Asian continental margin, which was subsequently jointly controlled by the Indian-Eurasian collisional dynamic system and the Pacific subduction dynamic system, and generally formed some pull-apart basins under the right-lateral dextral strike slipping. Then due to subduction retreat, this region gradually developed a double subduction system. The Pacific Plate also recorded the deep-shallow coupling process, and the Pacific LLSVP in the lower mantle played a decisive role in the distribution of the upper lithospheric micro-plates and large igneous provinces. In addition, volcanic chains or hotspots not only reveal plate movement, but also reflect the process of material exchange between deep and shallow parts, and seamounts also reveal the mantle flow under the Pacific Plate. The mantle circulation is not a single convective cell, and the diversity of its convective pattern needs to be further studied.
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References
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Cenozoic tectonic migration and basin evolution in East Asia and its continental margins[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2012, 28(8):2602-2618. (in Chinese with English abstract) 索艳慧, 李三忠, 曹现志, 等.中国东部中新生代反转构造及其记录的大洋板块俯冲过程[J].地学前缘, 2017, 24(4):249-267. SUO Yanhui, LI Sanzhong, CAO Xianzhi, et al. Mesozoic-Cenozoic inversion tectonics of East China and its implications for the subduction process of the oceanic plate[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2017, 24(4):249-267. (in Chinese with English abstract) 李三忠, 余珊, 赵淑娟, 等.东亚大陆边缘的板块重建与构造转换[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2013, 33(3):65-94. LI Sanzhong, YU Shan, ZHAO Shujuan, et al. Tectonic transition and plate reconstructions of the East Asian Continental Magin[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2013, 33(3):65-94. (in Chinese with English abstract) SUO Y H, LI S Z, YU S, et al. Cenozoic Tectonic Jumping and implications for hydrocarbon accumulation in basins in the East Asia continental margin[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2014, 88:28-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.02.019 张国伟, 李三忠.西太平洋-北印度洋及其洋陆过渡带:古今演变与论争[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2017, 37(4):1-17. ZHANG Guowei, LI Sanzhong. West Pacific and North Indian Oceans and their ocean-continent connection zones:evolution and debates[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2017, 37(4):1-17. (in Chinese with English abstract) 秦藴珊, 尹宏.西太平洋——我国深海科学研究的优先战略选区[J].地球科学进展, 2011, 26(3):245-248. QIN Yunshan, YIN Hong. Western Pacific:The strategic priority in China deep-sea research[J]. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2011, 26(3):245-248. (in Chinese with English abstract) 李三忠, 索艳慧, 刘博. 《海底构造系统(上、下)》[M].北京:科学出版社, 2018. LI Sanzhong, SUO Yanhui, LIU Bo. Submarine tectonic system (Volume 1-2)[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2018. (in Chinese with English abstract) -
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LI Sanzhong, CAO Xianzhi, WANG Guangzeng, LIU Bo, LI Xiyao, SUO Yanhui, JIANG Zhaoxia, GUO Lingli, ZHOU Jie, WANG Pengcheng, ZHU Junjiang, WANG Gang, ZHAO Shujuan, LIU Yongjiang, ZHANG Guowei. MESO-CENOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION AND PLATE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PACIFIC PLATE[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2019, 25(5): 642-677. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.05.060
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Figure 1.
Oceanfloor ages and hotspot distribution in the Pacific Plate[4]
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Figure 2.
Triangle magnetic lineation distribution of the Pacific Plate core area
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Figure 3.
Plate configuration in the Paleo-Pacific Ocean in 190 Ma (Plate reconstruction model from reference [6])
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Figure 4.
Three-stage evolution of the FAR-PHO-IZA plate system and the birth of the Pacific Plate[5]
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Figure 5.
Gravity anomaly characteristics and volcanic age distribution in the Hawaii-Emperor Chain area[8]
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Figure 6.
Satellite gravity anomaly and seamount chains in the Northeast Pacific Ocean[7]
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Figure 7.
Bathymetric map showing the location of the Ontong Java, Manihiki and Hikurangi Plateau[29]
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Figure 8.
Mid-ocean ridge-mantle plume interaction under the Ontong Java, Manihiki and Hikurangi Plateau (125~90 Ma)[33]
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Figure 9.
Structural characteristics of the Shatsky Rise and adjacent area[40]
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Figure 10.
Model of the small-scale sublithospheric convection[50]
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Figure 11.
Shear wave velocity anomalies near the core-mantle boundary[55]
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Figure 12.
Kinematic plate tectonic reconstructions for circum-Pacific Plate[57]
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Figure 13.
Mesozoic microplates and plateaus related to two Pacific triple junctions[38]
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Figure 14.
Reconstruction of magnetic anomaly formation within Tamu Massif and multiple ridge jumping[59]
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Figure 15.
Free-air gravity anomalies of the Ontong Java Plateau-Solomon Islands convergent zone[60]
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Figure 16.
Reconstruction of plate configuration in the Paleo-Pacific Ocean in 85 Ma
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Figure 17.
Evolution of the San Andreas Fault[61]
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Figure 18.
Age distribution of the subducting Pacific Plate[62]
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Figure 19.
Tomographic images showing the ancient and stagnant subduction slab under the Indian Ocean[64]
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Figure 20.
Reconstruction of plate configuration in the Paleo-Pacific Ocean in 145 Ma
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Figure 21.
Reconstruction of plate configuration in the Paleo-Pacific Ocean in 120 Ma
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Figure 22.
Reconstruction of plate configuration in the Paleo-Pacific Ocean in 110 Ma
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Figure 23.
Reconstruction of plate configuration in the Paleo-Pacific Ocean in 83 Ma
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Figure 24.
Reconstruction of plate configuration in the Paleo-Pacific Ocean in 75 Ma
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Figure 25.
Reconstruction of plate configuration in the Paleo-Pacific Ocean in 65 Ma
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Figure 26.
Reconstruction of plate configuration in the Pacific Ocean in 55 Ma
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Figure 27.
Reconstruction of plate configuration in the Pacific Ocean in 47 Ma
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Figure 28.
Reconstruction of plate configuration in the Pacific Ocean in 40 Ma
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Figure 29.
Reconstruction of plate configuration in the Pacific Ocean in 34 Ma
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Figure 30.
Reconstruction of plate configuration in the Pacific Ocean in 25 Ma
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Figure 31.
Reconstruction of plate configuration in the Pacific Ocean in 16 Ma
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Figure 32.
Reconstruction of plate configuration in the Pacific Ocean in 5 Ma