Distribution, origin, application and prospecting prospect analysis of diatomite in the world

LIANG Zhen; WANG Chunlian; CHEN Qingli; NING Pengyuan; YAN Kai; LIU Dianhe

doi:10.12029/gc20230620003

2025 Vol. 52, No. 3

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Article navigation > Geology in China > 2025 > 52(3): 915-931

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LIANG Zhen, WANG Chunlian, CHEN Qingli, NING Pengyuan, YAN Kai, LIU Dianhe. 2025. Distribution, origin, application and prospecting prospect analysis of diatomite in the world[J]. Geology in China, 52(3): 915-931. doi: 10.12029/gc20230620003

Citation:

LIANG Zhen, WANG Chunlian, CHEN Qingli, NING Pengyuan, YAN Kai, LIU Dianhe. 2025. Distribution, origin, application and prospecting prospect analysis of diatomite in the world[J]. Geology in China, 52(3): 915-931. doi: 10.12029/gc20230620003

Distribution, origin, application and prospecting prospect analysis of diatomite in the world

1.
College of Geophysics and Petroleum Resources, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, Hubei, China
2.
MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
3.
School of Land and Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
4.
School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Fund Project: Supported by the projects of Basic Research Funds for Public Welfare Research Institutes at the Central Level (No.KK2322, No.KK2005) and China Geological Survey (No.DD20230056, No.DD20190606, No.DD20221684, No.DD20230291).

More Information

Author Bio: LIANG Zhen, male, born in 1997, master candidate, mainly engaged in resource and environment research; E-mail: liangzhen971220@163.com
Corresponding author: WANG Chunlian, male, born in 1983, researcher, mainly engaged in sedimentology and mineral deposit research; E-mail: wangchunlian321@163.com.

Received Date: 20 June 2023

Revised Date: 25 December 2023

Publish Date: 25 May 2025

Abstract

Abstract

This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective
Diatomaceous earth is a mineral formed by single−celled organisms such as dead diatoms through deposition and a series of geological processes. It belongs to sedimentary rocks, and its main component is SiO₂. Diatomite is an indispensable non−metallic mineral resource in my country's social production activities, because of its porosity, strong adsorption, light weight, high melting point, heat insulation, sound absorption, low refractive index, stable chemical properties, etc. It is widely used in sewage treatment, agriculture, building materials and its emerging technology fields.
Methods
In this paper, by collecting and sorting out data and fully drawing on previous research results, this paper investigates the distribution of diatomite resources in the world, the genetic types of deposits, and its application in traditional and emerging technology fields.
Results
Diatomaceous earth resources are widely distributed in 122 countries in the world. At present, the total reserves of diatomaceous earth in the world are about 920 million tons, of which the United States is the most abundant, its reserves are about 250 million tons, accounting for 27.2% of the world's total. China's diatomaceous earth reserves are about 170 million tons, accounting for about 18% of the world's total reserves. According to the different formation mechanism and sedimentary environment of diatomite, the deposit types are divided into Marine sedimentary deposit and continental sedimentary deposit, both of which are affected by the superposition of geological structure, climatic environment, time condition and suitable sedimentary environment.
Conclusions
Combined with domestic and foreign data, the genetic analysis of diatomite deposits shows that diatomite deposits are concentrated in fault basins and intermountain basins generated by volcanic structures from Tertiary to Quaternary, and are directly related to the distribution of basalt. The zone with humid climate, warm environment and sufficient rainfall can be used as a prospecting prospect area for diatomite deposits. For example, the depression in the eastern part of China is easy to form volcanic structure, the foresea basin in the southeast area has more volcanic eruption activities in the Neogene period, and the small and medium−sized tectonic basin formed by the mountain movement in the southwest area, especially some Cenozoic basins with basalt base and basalt distribution area can be used as the prospecting prospect of continental sedimentary diatomite deposits in China. In the middle and high latitudes of the North Pacific Ocean, marginal basins were formed through the interaction of tectonic and volcanic activities in the late Oligocene and early Miocene. In the middle and late Miocene, the deposition rate of diatomite increased under the hypoxia condition of the deep sea bottom water, which made diatomite widely distributed in this area. Therefore, the northern part of the North Pacific Ocean, the Bering Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan can be used as prospecting prospects for Marine sedimentary diatomite deposits.
- diatomite deposit /
- resource characteristics /
- prospecting potential /
- application /
- classification of deposit /
- mineral exploration engineering

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References

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