| China Geological Survey Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences | Host |
| 科学出版社 | Publish |
| Citation: |
ZHAO Hongjun, ZHANG Weibo, CHEN Xiufa, HE Xuezhou, ZHANG Chao, CHEN Chao, YU Yongshan, ZHENG Yulin. 2022. Genetic types, geological characteristics and genetic mechanism of manganese deposits in Africa[J]. Geology in China, 49(1): 81-102. doi: 10.12029/gc20220106
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Genetic types, geological characteristics and genetic mechanism of manganese deposits in Africa
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Abstract
This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective Manganese ore resources abundant in Africa, where the 310 Mt reserves and 660 Mt resources rank first in the world.Enhance research and awareness of manganese deposits in Africa, It has important guiding significance for promoting the prospecting of manganese ore in my country.
Methods Through the dissection of typical deposits in important metallogenic belts, the genetic types and geological characteristics of manganese deposits in Africa are summarized.
Results Manganese ore types in Africa are diverse, such precambrian banded iron formation (BIF) type, marine sedimentary type, continental (delta-lacustrine) sedimentary type, magmatic hydrothermal type etc., Among them, the precambrian banded iron formation (BIF) type and marine sedimentary type are the most important.
Conclusions Manganese deposits are characterized by large deposits (mainly large and super large), high grade (30%-50%), and relatively concentrated distribution. The manganese-forming age of manganese deposits is earlier, mainly in the Precambrian; Most manganese deposits suffer eluviation weathering supergene processes from 2.0 Ga unconformity erosionand Cenozoic.
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References
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ZHAO Hongjun, ZHANG Weibo, CHEN Xiufa, HE Xuezhou, ZHANG Chao, CHEN Chao, YU Yongshan, ZHENG Yulin. 2022. Genetic types, geological characteristics and genetic mechanism of manganese deposits in Africa[J]. Geology in China, 49(1): 81-102. doi: 10.12029/gc20220106
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Figure 1.
Distribution map of main manganese deposits in Africa
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Figure 2.
Regional map of the Transvaal supergroup in Griqualand west showing the distribution of the Kalahari manganese field and Black Ridge thrust fault (a) and schematic diagram indicating lateral of the Kalahari manganese field (b) (after Cairncross and Beukes, 2013)
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Figure 3.
Geological map of the Maremane dome(a), schematic N-S cross section(b), Karst-hosted Postmasburg manganese deposits along the Eastern Belt (Manganore area) (c), and Western Belt (Lohatlha area) (d)
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Figure 4.
Simplified geological map of the Francevillian succession in Gabon(a) and cross section of the Bangombe plateau near Moanda (b) (after Nicolas et al., 2016)
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Figure 5.
Schematic diagram of the palaeogeographic section of the Francevillian sub-basin and the location of the manganese deposit in Gabon (after Gauthier-Lafaye and Weber, 2003)
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Figure 6.
Simplified geological map of the Birimian succession in West Africa (after Baratoux et al., 2011)
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Figure 7.
Schematic diagram of a typical supergene-enriched manganese oxide ore capping a carbonate or gondite black shale-hosted manganese bed of the Birimian in West Africa (after Nicolas et al., 2016)
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Figure 8.
Location of Imini district, south of South Atlas Front (SAF) (a), simplified geological map of Imini district showing distribution of Mn orebodies hosted in c, enomanian-Turonian dolostone (b) and detailed stratigraphic column of Lantenois deposit(c) showing three stratabound Mn levels (C1, C2, C3);Designation of three sedimentary systems (S1, S2, S3)(after Mohammed, 2016)
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Figure 9.
Stratigraphic columns from west to east across the district showing stratabound but not stratiform character of Mn orebodies; inset shows plan view of Mn belt and locations of mines (after Mohammed, 2016)
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Figure 10.
Schematic indication of temporal distribution of major manganese deposits compared to that of iron formation (modified from Cairncross and Beukes, 2013; Nicolas et al., 2016)