Citation: | SONG Mingchun, SONG Yingxin, LI Jie, CAO Chunguo, DING Zhengjiang, LIU Xiao, ZHOU Mingling, LI Shiyong. 2022. Stepwise prospecting method for deep-seated deposits: Take deep prospecting of ore concentration area of gold in Jiaodong Peninsula, China as an example[J]. Geology in China, 49(1): 1-15. doi: 10.12029/gc20220101 |
This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Jiaodong Peninsula is the first region to carry out deep-seated prospecting and made significant prospecting achievements in China. Stepwise prospecting method has played an important role in the deep-seated exploration. The study of deep-seated prospecting methods will be conducive to promoting the implementation of the prospecting strategy of "prospecting deep-seated deposits" in East China.
In this paper, based on the deep-seated gold deposits prospecting in Jiaodong, we studied the metallogenic model of deep gold deposits, and analyzed the role and effect of controlled source audio frequency magnetotelluric sounding (CSAMT), spectral excited electric sounding (SIP), magnetotelluric sounding (MT) and reflection seismic methods in deep gold deposits prospecting.
Deep orebodies generally occur in the gently dipping parts of alternate change of steep-dipping to gentle-dipping of the ore-controlling fault, forming a step metallogenetic model. This metallogenetic model is a comprehensive reflection of tectonic activities and physicochemical conditions of mineralization. The technical process of the stepwise prospecting method is outlined below. First, through high precision geophysical detection in land surface, deep characteristics of ore-controlling fault are found out. Then, according to the step metallogenic model, the location and scale of the deep-seated gold orebodies are predicted.
The step metallogenic model provides a technical premise and key exploration target for the deep-seated gold deposits prospecting. CSAMT, SIP, MT and reflection seismic methods can detect the deep characteristics of ore-controlling faults. The combination of multiple geophysical methods is an effective technical means of the stepwise prospecting method.
Chen Bailin, Fu Guoli. 1999. Advances in studies of ore-forming and ore-controlling structures on lode gold deposits[J]. Gold Geology, 5(4): 63-69(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Chen Yumin, Fan Hongrui, Cui Lun, Wang Zhaokun, Sun Zhifu, Zeng Qingdong, Ma Fengshan, Wang Junting, Liu Qin, Sun Zongfeng, Yang Kuifeng, Hao Tianyao. 2016. The Large-Scale Gold Mineralization and Genetic Model in the Northwest of Shandong Peninsula[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-336(in Chinese). |
Cao Chunguo, Han Yuzhen, Guan Rongbin. 2016. Application of Geophysical Prospecting Technique for Deep Gold Deposits in Northwest Jiaojia Ore-Concentrated Area[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-146(in Chinese). |
Cox S F. 2005. Coupling between deformation, fluid pressures, and fluid flow in ore-producing hydrothermal systems at depth in the crust[J]. Economic Geology 100 th Anniversary Volume, 39-75. |
Deng Jun, Xu Shouli, Fang Yun, Zhou Xianqiang, Wan Li. 1996. The Tectonic System and Metallogenic Dynamics of Gold Deposits in the Northwestern Shandong Peninsula[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-98(in Chinese). |
Deng Jun, Yang Liqiang, Ge Liangsheng, Wang Qingfei, Zhang Jing, Gao Bangfei, Zhou Yinghua, Jiang Shaoqing. 2006. Research advances in the Mesozoic tectonic regimes during the formation of Jiaodong ore cluster area[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 16(8): 777-784. doi: 10.1080/10020070612330069 |
Deng Jun, Wang Qingfei, Yang Liqiang, Zhou Lei, Gong Qingjie, Yuan Wanming, Xu Hao, Guo Chunying, Liu Xiangwei. 2008. The structure of ore-controlling strain and stress field in the Shangzhuang gold deposit in Shandong Province, China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82(4): 769-780. |
Groves D I, Santosh M, Goldfarb R J, Zhang Liang. 2018. Structural geometry of orogenic gold deposits: Implications for exploration for world-class and giant deposits[J]. Geoscience Frontiers, 9(4): 1163-1177. doi: 10.1016/j.gsf.2018.01.006 |
Li Hui, Zhang Wenhua. 1999. Characteristics of geochemical zoning in large and rich deposits in Shandong Province[J]. Journal of Precious Metallic Geology, 8(4): 217-222(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Li Hui, Yu Bin, Li Deliang, Li Cheng, Wang Shanfei, Li Wei, He Ronghua, Ma Jiuju, Wei Jiang, Zhao Jiaxiang, Li Siling, Yang Qingquan, Yuan Dongcheng, Liu Rifu, Si Shuyun, Fan Yong. 2010. A structural superimposed halo model for deep blind ore prediction in Sanshandao-Cangshang fault zone, Shandong Province[J]. Mineral Deposits, 29(S1): 713-714(in Chinese). |
Li Junjian, Luo Zhenkuan, Liu Xiaoyang, Xu Weidong, Luo Hui. 2005. Geodynamic setting for formation of large-superlarge gold deposits and Mesozoic granites in Jiaodong area[J]. Mineral Deposits, 24(4): 361-372(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Li Shixian, Liu Changchun, An Yuhong, Wang Weicong, Huang Tailing, Yang Chenghai. 2007. Gold Deposits Geology in Shandong Peninsula[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-423(in Chinese). |
Lü Qingtian, lian Yuguang, Zhao Jinhua. 2010. Application of reflection seismic technology in metallogenic geological background and deep mineral exploration: Status and prospects[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 84(6): 771-787. |
Lü Qingtian, Dong Shuwen, Tang Jingtian, Shi Danian, Chang Yinfu, SinoProbe-03-CJ Group. 2015. Multi-scale and integrated geophysical data revealing mineral systems and exploring for mineral deposits at depth: A synthesis from SinoProbe-03[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 58(2): 4319-4343(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Lü Qingtian, Meng Guixiang, Yan Jiayong, Zhang Kun, Zhao Jinhua, Gong Xuejing. 2019. Multi-scale exploration of mineral system: Concept and progress-A case study in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt[J]. Geology in China, 46(4): 673-689(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Ma Shengming, Zhu Lixin, Zhang Liangliang, Wang Jian. 2019. Thoughts on the geochemical mechanism of gold mineralization in the northwest Jiaodong gold province[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 143(1): 925-931(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Miao Laicheng, Luo Zhenkuan, Guan Kang, Huang Jiazhan. 1997. The evolution of the ore-controlling faults in the Zhaoye gold belt, eastern Shandong Province[J]. Journal of Geology and Exploration, 12(1): 26-35(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Ouyang Yongpeng, Rao Jianfeng, Liao Shaoping, He Xirong, Hu Qinghua, Wei Jin, Yang Minggui. 2019. Rock and ore controlling structure in the Zhuxi ore concentration area in the northeastern Jiangxi Province[J]. Geology in China, 46(4): 878-893(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Song Mingchun, Wan Guopu, Cao Chunguo, He Chunyan. 2012. Geophysical-geological interpretation and deep-seated gold deposit prospecting in Sanshandong-Jiaojia area, eastern Shandong Province, China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition), 86(3): 640-652. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-6724.2012.00692.x |
Song Mingchun, Yi Pihou, Xu Junxiang, Cui Shuxue Shen Kun, Jiang Hongli, Yuan Wenhua, Wang Huajiang. 2012. A step metallogenetic model for gold deposits in the northwestern Shandong Peninsula, China[J]. Science China Earth Science, 55(6): 940-948. doi: 10.1007/s11430-012-4366-7 |
Song Mingchun, Deng Jun, Yi Pihou, Yang Liqiang, Cun Shuxue, Xu Junxiang, Zhou Mingling, Huang Tailing, Song Guozheng, Song Yingxin. 2014. The kiloton class Jiaojia gold deposit in eastern Shandong Province and its genesis[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition), 88(3): 801-824. doi: 10.1111/1755-6724.12239 |
Song Mingchun, Zhang Junjin, Zhang Pijian, Yang Liqiang, Liu Dianhao, Ding Zhengjiang, Song Yingxin. 2015. Discovery and tectonic-magmatic background of superlarge gold deposit in offshore of northern Sanshandao, Shandong Peninsula, China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 89(2): 365-383(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Song Mingchun. 2015. The main achievements and key theory and methods of deep-seated prospecting in the Jiaodong gold concentration area, Shandong Province[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 34(9): 1758-1771(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Song Mingchun, Cao Chunguo, Cun Shuxue, Xu Junxiang, Zhang Pijian, Jiao Xiumei, Hu Hong, Li Shiyong, Caojia, Song Yingxin, 2017. A Stepwise Prospecting Method for Deep-Seated Gold Deposit[P]. China: ZL 2015 1 0056575. X. 2017-11-10(in Chinese). |
Song Mingchun, Song Yingxin, Ding Zhengjiang, Wei Xufeng, Sun Shaoli, Song Guozheng, Zhang Junjin, Zhang Pijian, Wang Yongguo. 2019. The discovery of the Jiaojia and the Sanshandao giant gold deposits in Jiaodong peninsula and discussion on the relevant issues[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 43(1): 92-110(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Song Mingchun, Lin Shaoyi, Yang Liqiang, Song Yingxin, Ding Zhengjiang, Li Jie, Li Shiyong, Zhou Mingling. 2020. Metallogenic model of Jiaodong Peninsula gold deposits[J]. Mineral Deposits, 39(2): 215-236(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Song Mingchun, Ding Zhengjiang, Zhang Junjin, Song Yingxin, Bo Junwei, Wang Yuqun, Liu Hongbo, Li Shiyong, Li Jie, Li Ruixiang, Wang Bin, Liu Xiangdong, Zhang Liangliang, Dong Leilei, Li Jian, He Chunyan. 2021. Geology and mineralization of the Sanshandao supergiant gold deposit (1200 t) in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China: A review[J]. China Geology, 4(4): 686-719. doi:10.31035/cg2021070. |
Wan Guopu. 1994. Geologic-geophysical prospecting model for the gold deposits of crush-zone-altered and rock type in Jiaodong(eastern Shandong)[J]. Shandong Geology, 10(2): 41-50(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Wang Chenghui, Wang Denghong, Huang Fan, Xu Jue, Chen Zhenghui, Ying Lijuan, Liu Shanbao. 2012. The major gold concentration areas in China and their resource potentials[J]. Geology in China, 39(5): 1125-1142(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Wang Jincao, Xia Bing, Tang Jingru. 2003. Recognition on some key geological problems of Linglong-Jiaojia ore-concentrated district in Shandong Province[J]. Geotectonica et Metellogenia, 27 (2): 147-151(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Wang Xianguang, Liu Jianguang, Chen Guohua, Zeng Hianghui, Rao Jianfeng, Qiu Ping, Luo Luchuan, Xie Tao, Zhong Shijun, Zhang Cheng. 2014. On exploration progress of W-Cu deposit in Zhuxi of Jiangxi[J]. Journal of Geology, 38(3): 483-491(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Yang Liqiang, Deng Jun, Wang Zhongliang, Zhang Liang, Guo Linnan, Song Mingchun, Zheng Xiaoli. 2014. Mesozoic gold metallogenic system of the Jiaodong gold province, eastern China[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 30(9): 2447-2467(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Yu Xuefeng, Shan Wei, Xiong Yuxin, Geng Ke, Sun Yuqin, Chi Naijie, Guo Baokui, Li Dapeng, Li Hongkui, Song Yingxin, Yang Deping. 2018. Deep structural framework and genetic analysis of gold concentration areas in the northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula, China: A new understanding based on high-resolution reflective seismic survey[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 92(5): 1823-1840. doi: 10.1111/1755-6724.13679 |
Yu Xuefeng, Yang Deping, Li Dapeng, Shan Wei, Xiong Yuxin, Chi Naijie, Liu Pengrui, Yu Leiheng. 2019. Mineralization characteristic and geological significance in 3000m depth of Jiaojia gold metallogenic belt, Jiaodong Peninsula[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 35(9): 2893-2910(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.18654/1000-0569/2019.09.18 |
Zhang Guoquan. 2017. Study on characteristics and metallogenic mechanism of deep deposits in Guilaizhuang gold deposit in Pingyi county of Shandong Province[J]. Shandong Land and Resources, 33(9): 7-13(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Zhu Xun. 2014. The research and application of stepwise metallogenic model should be emphasized[J]. The Earth, 224(12): 110-1111(in Chinese). |
陈柏林, 付国立. 1999. 脉状金矿成矿控矿构造的研究进展[J]. 黄金地质, 5(4): 63-69. |
陈玉民, 范宏瑞, 崔仑, 王昭坤, 孙之夫, 曾庆栋, 马凤山, 王君亭, 刘钦, 孙宗峰, 杨奎峰, 郝天珧. 2016. 胶西北大规模金成矿作用与成因模型[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1-336. |
曹春国, 韩玉珍, 关荣斌, 孔祥明. 2016. 胶西北矿集区深部金矿应用地球物理找矿技术实践[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1-146. |
邓军, 徐守礼, 方云, 周显强, 万丽. 1996. 胶东西北部构造体系及金成矿动力学[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1-98. |
李惠, 张文华. 1999. 胶东大型金矿床的地球化学分带特征[J]. 贵金属地质, 8(4): 217-222. |
李惠, 禹斌, 李德亮, 李成, 王善飞, 李威, 贺容华, 马久菊, 魏江, 赵佳祥, 李思玲, 杨清泉, 原东成, 刘日富, 司淑云, 樊勇. 2010. 山东三(山岛)-仓(上)断裂带金矿床深部盲矿预测的构造叠加晕模型[J]. 矿床地质, 29(S1): 713-714. |
李俊建, 罗镇宽, 刘晓阳, 徐卫东, 骆辉. 2005. 胶东中生代花岗岩及大型-超大型金矿床形成的地球动力学背景[J]. 矿床地质, 24(4): 361-372. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7106.2005.04.002 |
李士先, 刘长春, 安郁宏, 王为聪, 黄太岭, 杨承海. 2007. 胶东金矿地质[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1-423. |
吕庆田, 廉玉广, 赵金花. 2010. 反射地震技术在成矿地质背景与深部矿产勘查中的应用: 现状与前景[J]. 地质学报, 84(6): 771-787. |
吕庆田, 董树文, 汤井田, 史大年, 常印佛, SinoProbe-03-CJ项目组. 2015. 多尺度综合地球物理探测: 揭示成矿系统、助力深部找矿-—长江中下游深部探测(SinoProbe-03)进展[J]. 地球物理学报, 58(2): 4319-4343. |
吕庆田, 孟贵祥, 严加永, 张昆, 赵金花, 龚雪婧. 2019. 成矿系统的多尺度探测: 概念与进展——以长江中下游成矿带为例[J]. 中国地质, 46(4): 673-689. |
马生明, 朱立新, 张亮亮, 王建. 2019. 关于胶西北金矿成矿地球化学机制的思考[J]. 物探与化探, 43 (1): 925-931. |
苗来成, 罗镇宽, 关康, 黄佳展. 1997. 胶东招掖金矿带控矿断裂演化规律[J]. 地质找矿论丛, 12(1): 26-35. |
欧阳永棚, 饶建锋, 廖绍平, 何细荣, 胡青华, 魏锦, 杨明桂. 2019. 赣东北朱溪矿集区构造控岩-控矿特征[J]. 中国地质, 46(4): 878-893. |
宋明春, 伊丕厚, 徐军祥, 崔书学, 沈昆, 姜洪利, 袁文花, 王化江. 2012. 胶西北金矿阶梯式成矿模式[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 42(7): 992-1000. |
宋明春, 张军进, 张丕建, 杨立强, 刘殿浩, 丁正江, 宋英昕. 2015. 胶东三山岛北部海域超大型金矿床的发现及其构造-岩浆背景[J]. 地质学报, 89(2): 365-383. |
宋明春. 2015. 胶东金矿深部找矿主要成果和关键理论技术进展[J]. 地质通报, 34(9): 1758-1771. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2015.09.017 |
宋明春, 宋英昕, 丁正江, 魏绪峰, 孙绍立, 宋国政, 张军进, 张丕建, 王永国. 2019. 胶东焦家和三山岛巨型金矿床的发现及有关问题讨论[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 43(1): 92-110. |
宋明春, 曹春国, 崔书学, 徐军祥, 张丕建, 焦秀美, 胡弘, 李世勇, 曹佳, 宋英昕. 2017. 一种深部金矿阶梯式找矿方法[P]. 中国: ZL 2015 1 0056575. X. 2017-11-10. |
宋明春, 林少一, 杨立强, 宋英昕, 丁正江, 李杰, 李世勇, 周明岭. 2020. 胶东金矿成矿模式[J]. 矿床地质, 39(2): 215-236. |
万国普. 1994. 胶东破碎带蚀变岩型金矿地质-地球物理找矿模型[J]. 山东地质, 10(2): 41-50. |
王成辉, 王登红, 黄凡, 徐珏, 陈郑辉, 应立娟, 刘善宝. 2012. 中国金矿集区及其资源潜力探讨[J]. 中国地质, 39(5): 1125-1142. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2012.05.002 |
汪劲草, 夏斌, 汤静如. 2003. 对玲珑-焦家矿集区几个关键地质问题的认识[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 27(2): 147-151. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1552.2003.02.007 |
王先广, 刘建光, 陈国华, 曾祥辉, 饶建锋, 邱萍, 罗渌川, 谢涛, 钟仕俊, 张诚. 2014. 江西朱溪钨铜矿找矿进展及建议[J]. 地质学刊, 38(3): 483-491. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3636.2014.03.483 |
杨立强, 邓军, 王中亮, 张良, 郭林楠, 宋明春, 郑小礼. 2014. 胶东中生代金成矿系统[J]. 岩石学报, 30(9): 2447-2467. |
于学峰, 杨德平, 李大鹏, 单伟, 熊玉新, 迟乃杰, 刘鹏瑞, 于雷亨. 2019. 胶东焦家金矿带3000 m深部成矿特征及其地质意义[J]. 岩石学报, 35(9): 2893-2910. |
张国权. 2017. 山东省平邑归来庄金矿深部矿床特征及成矿规律研究[J]. 山东国土资源, 33(9): 7-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6979.2017.09.002 |
朱训. 2014. 要重视阶梯式成矿模式的研究与应用[J]. 地球, 224(12): 110-1111. |
Flow chart of stepwise prospecting method for deep-seated deposits
A step metallogenetic model of deep-seated gold deposit (after Song Mingchun et al., 2020)
The bedrock geological map (a) and joint geological sections along exploratory lines (b) for the supergiant gold deposit in offshore of northern Sanshandao, Jiaodong Peninsula (after Song Mingchun et al., 2015)
Geological sections along No. 28 exploratory line at Guilaizhuang gold deposit, Shandong Province(after Zhang Guoqun et al., 2017)
CSAMT inversed apparent resistivity geological section along No.360 exploratory line at Sizhuang gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula
SIP sections of apparent resistivity(a), apparent charging rate (b), time constant (c) and frequency correlation coefficient (d) along No.320 exploratory line at Shaling gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula
MT inversed apparent resistivity profile (a) and inferred geological section through inversion and calculation (b) in area of Sanshandao -Jiaojia fault, Jiaodong Peninsula(after Song Mingchun et al., 2021)
Reflection seismic profile at northwestern Yijia area, Jiaodong Peninsula