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2023 Vol. 50, No. 3
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GAO Yongbao, ZHAO Xinmin, WANG Bo, ZHANG Jiangwei, JIN Moushun, YANG Shengfei, YAN Zhouquan, TENG Jiaxin, ZHAO Huibo, CHAO Yinyin. 2023. Geological characteristics, associated granites and the prospecting potential of the super-large Kaerqiaer-Kumutashi fluorite mineralization belt in the West Altyn-Tagh Orogen, NW China[J]. Geology in China, 50(3): 704-729. doi: 10.12029/gc20210515001
Citation: GAO Yongbao, ZHAO Xinmin, WANG Bo, ZHANG Jiangwei, JIN Moushun, YANG Shengfei, YAN Zhouquan, TENG Jiaxin, ZHAO Huibo, CHAO Yinyin. 2023. Geological characteristics, associated granites and the prospecting potential of the super-large Kaerqiaer-Kumutashi fluorite mineralization belt in the West Altyn-Tagh Orogen, NW China[J]. Geology in China, 50(3): 704-729. doi: 10.12029/gc20210515001
shu

Geological characteristics, associated granites and the prospecting potential of the super-large Kaerqiaer-Kumutashi fluorite mineralization belt in the West Altyn-Tagh Orogen, NW China

  • 1.

    Xi'an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, MNR, Xi'an Center of China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China

  • 3.

    Geology Institute of China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau, Beijing 100101, China

    • Fund Project: Supported by Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Program-General Project (No.2023-JC-YB-241), the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (No.2019QZKK0806), National Key R & D Plan (No.2019YFC0605201) and the projects of China Geological Survey (No.DD20160004, No.DD20190143, No.DD20211551)
More Information
  • Author Bio: GAO Yongbao, male, born in 1982, Ph.D., researcher, engaged in the study of regional mineralization and mineral deposit; E-mail: gaoyongbao2006@126.com
Received Date:  15 May 2021
Revised Date:  12 September 2021
Publish Date:  25 June 2023
    Abstract

  • This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.

     Objective

    Significant breakthroughs have recently been made in fluorite prospecting in the western part of the Altyn-Tagh Orogen in NW China. The newly discovered super-large mineralized belt, which includes the Kaerqiaer, Kumutashi, Xiaobaihegou and North Bulake deposits, is an important fluorite resource base. Research on the genesis of fluorite mineralization is lacking. This paper selects typical deposits in the area for research, to reveal the geological characteristics, ore-controlling factors and prospecting potentials of the super-large fluorite mineralization belt in the West Altyn-Tagh Orogen, thus increasing our knowledge of the genesis and improving regional prospecting for the mineralization.

     Methods

    Based on detailed field investigation, this paper uses LA-ICP-MS zircon dating, geochemistry and Hf isotope analysis to define: (1) The age of rock formation and mineralization; (2) The genesis of ore-controlling alkali-feldspar granite and fluorite mineralization; (3) Summarises the ore-controlling elements and prospecting characteristics of the area; (4) Conducts mineralisation prediction through geological, geochemical and remote sensing data; (5) Analyses the prospectivity of the region.

     Results

    The fluorite mineralization is of hydrothermal origin closely related to alkali feldspar granites, and is controlled largely by NE-trending faults and, to a lesser extent, NEE- and E-trending faults. The host rocks are plagioclase gneiss and carbonate rocks in Altyn Group. The main types of ore include massive, vein and breccia containing early white and later purple fluorite, calcite and minor amounts of quartz, apatite and tainiolite. The alkali feldspar granite at the Kumutashi fluorite deposit has a zircon U-Pb age of (450.0 ± 2.7) Ma, εHf(t) values ranges from -5.33 to +6.45, and TDM2 age between 1767 Ma and 1020 Ma. The geochemical data also shows that the alkali feldspar granite is potassic, metaluminous, high differentiated and genetically related with F-rich rocks. The granite is enriched in Rb, Th, U, La, Ce, Nd, Zr and Hf, depleted in Ta, Nb, Sr, P, and Ti, and has a high ΣREE content. These characteristics are indicative of A-type granites emplaced during the Late Ordovician and derived from a mixed crustal and mantle magma during post-orogenic extension.

     Conclusions

    The widely distributed alkali feldspar granite with high F and ΣREE contents have high prospectivity for fluorite, tin, rare metals, and REE. Thus, the combination of alkali granites, NE-trending faults, and carbonates in the Altyn Group are consisted prospective for large fluorite deposits.
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