| China Geological Survey Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences | Host |
| 科学出版社 | Publish |
| Citation: |
LIU Jun, LI Wenchang, ZHOU Qing, YANG Fucheng, JIANG Xiaojia, ZHANG Shuzhi, GUO Xinran. 2021. Advances in the study of porphyry tungsten deposits[J]. Geology in China, 48(3): 732-748. doi: 10.12029/gc20210305
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Advances in the study of porphyry tungsten deposits
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Abstract
P Porphyry tungsten deposit is the third most important type in the world, but its research is weak and scattered. This paper systematically summarizes and analyzes the research results in recent years from our team and other scholars about porphyry tungsten deposits. The results show that porphyry tungsten deposits are widely distributed in the Circum-Pacific metallogenic belt and the Alps-Himalayan metallogenic belt, and occur in magmatic arc, intraplate, and continental collision settings. Most of them were formed in Mesozoic and a few in Paleozoic. Porphyry tungsten mineralization is closely related to weakly oxidized, highly fractionated I-type or A-type hypabyssal granitic rocks, which were mainly derived from re-melting of the ancient crust, contaminated with a small amount of juvenile crust and/or depleted mantle and/or marine sediments. The ore-forming metals and fluids were dominantly originated from related magmatic rocks, and the Ca2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+ needed for W mineralization could be provided by the strata and magmatic rocks through water-rock reaction. The initial ore-forming fluids of porphyry tungsten deposits in magma arc and intraplate settings belong to the NaCl-H2O system with medium-high temperature, medium-high salinity and low CO2 content, while those under continental collision setting belong to NaCl-H2O-CO2 system with medium-high temperature, medium-low salinity and high CO2 content. W tends to be enriched in the coexisting fluid phase in the process of melt-fluid differentiation, and then migrates in the form of monomer tungstate, polytungstate, and fluorotungstate. The mechanisms of mineral precipitation mainly include fluid immiscibility/boiling/CO2 escape ±fluid mixing and water- rock reaction. Scheelite and wolframite are the dominant W-bearing minerals in porphyry tungsten deposits, and their occurrence may be mainly controlled by the fluorine content in relevant magma-fluid system.
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LIU Jun, LI Wenchang, ZHOU Qing, YANG Fucheng, JIANG Xiaojia, ZHANG Shuzhi, GUO Xinran. 2021. Advances in the study of porphyry tungsten deposits[J]. Geology in China, 48(3): 732-748. doi: 10.12029/gc20210305
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Figure 1.
Distribution of porphyry tungsten deposits in the world
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Figure 2.
Histogram showing the ore-forming ages of porphyry tungsten deposits in the world
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Figure 3.
(K2O + Na2O) vs. SiO2 diagram (a), K2O vs. SiO2 diagram (b), A/NK vs. A/CNK diagram(c), DI vs. A/CNK diagram(d), Zr vs. 10000*Ga/Al diagram(e) (after Wu et al., 2017) and Nb/Ta vs. Zr/Hf diagram (f) (after Ballouard et al., 2016)
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Figure 4.
Primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns (a) and chondrite-normalized REE patterns (b) of the ore-related intrusives of porphyry tungsten deposits
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Figure 5.
Plots of the εHf(t) vs. Ages(a), the εHf(t) vs. εNd(t (b) (modified from Vervoort et al., 2011; Wang Xue et al., 2015) and the histogram of the two-stage Hf model ages for the ore-related intrusions of porphyry W deposit(c)
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Figure 6.
Frequency histogram (a) and range (b) of δ34SVCDT values for metal sulfides from porphyry tungsten deposits
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Figure 7.
Plot of 207Pb/204Pb vs. 206Pb/204Pb (a, modified from Zartman and Doe, 1981) and Δβ vs. Δγ diagram (b, modified from Zhu Bingquan, 1998) of metal sulfides from porphyry tungsten deposits
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Figure 8.
δ18OH2O vs. δDH2O diagram of porphyry tungsten deposits (after Taylor, 1974).