| China Geological Survey Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences | Host |
| 科学出版社 | Publish |
| Citation: |
ZHANG Tao, CHEN Zhengle, ZHOU Zhenju, ZHANG Wengao, ZHANG Qing, PAN Jiayong, HAN Fengbin, SUN Yue, FENG Hongye, MA Ji, YANG Bin. 2023. Geochemical characteristics of fluid inclusions and H-O isotopes of the Ashawayi gold deposit in the Southwest Tianshan Orogen and its orogenic-type gold deposit[J]. Geology in China, 50(5): 1513-1531. doi: 10.12029/gc20200418001
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Geochemical characteristics of fluid inclusions and H-O isotopes of the Ashawayi gold deposit in the Southwest Tianshan Orogen and its orogenic-type gold deposit
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Abstract
This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
Objective The Ashawayi gold deposit, located at the central and southern margin of the "Asian Gold Belt", is a newly discovered medium-sized gold deposit in southwestern Tianshan Orogen, NW China.
Methods Through field geological survey, indoor research on fluid inclusion petrology, fluid inclusion composition analysis, fluid inclusion temperature measurement, H-O isotope and so on is carried out.
Results The deposits are hosted in Kalazierjiao Group, Late Carboniferous, and ore bodies are produced in secondary faults of the NEE-trending thrust nappe system. According to the relationship between vein cutting and mineral metastasis, the mineralization process can be divided into three stages. Microscopic observation analyses of inclusions in quartz showed that there were three compositional types of fluid inclusions, i.e. pure CO2, CO2-H2O and NaCl-H2O in the early and middle stage, but only pure H2O inclusions in the latest. Measurement of inclusions trapped in quartz revealed that the total homogenization temperatures were 236-386℃ in the early stage, 225-301℃ in middle and 139-222℃ in last, respectively, with corresponding salinities of 1.6%-9.7%, 1.4%-12.5%, and 1.4%-7.3% NaCl eqv.. The laser Raman spectrum of fluid inclusions showed that the liquid was composed of H2O and CO2, a few of CH4 and N2, indicating that the ore-forming fluid was a kind of medium-low temperature, rich of CO2, bearing few of CH4 and N2, and low-salinity metamorphic fluids. The estimated pressures based on CO2-H2O type inclusions are 140-180 MPa in the early stage and 130-160 MPa in the middle, corresponding a depth of 5-7 km and 5-6 km, respectively, under the static rock pressure. The content of H-O isotopes of quartz showed ore-forming fluids changing from a kind of deep-source metamorphic fluid in the early stage, to a metaphase and atmospheric precipitation mixed fluid in the middle, and to a hydrothermal fluid of late-seasonal precipitation in the last.
Conclusions Comprehensive analysis suggested that the fluid system stress reduction, immiscible or boiling, the escape of CO2-CH4 and other gases, and the development of vulcanization and carbonate, should result to the rapid precipitation of the gold and the deposit is a typical medium-shallow orogenic-type gold deposit.
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ZHANG Tao, CHEN Zhengle, ZHOU Zhenju, ZHANG Wengao, ZHANG Qing, PAN Jiayong, HAN Fengbin, SUN Yue, FENG Hongye, MA Ji, YANG Bin. 2023. Geochemical characteristics of fluid inclusions and H-O isotopes of the Ashawayi gold deposit in the Southwest Tianshan Orogen and its orogenic-type gold deposit[J]. Geology in China, 50(5): 1513-1531. doi: 10.12029/gc20200418001
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Figure 1.
Sketch map of tectonic, Au and polymetallic deposits in Western Tianshan (modified from Xue Chunji et al., 2014a, b; Zhang et al., 2017)
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Figure 2.
Regional geological map of the Ashawayi gold deposit (modified from Chen Kui et al., 2007)
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Figure 3.
Geological map of the Ashawayi gold deposit
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Figure 4.
The overall picture of the mining area (a) and the trench 2901 section (b) in the Ashawayi gold deposit
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Figure 5.
Ore photos of different periods of the Ashawayi gold deposit
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Figure 6.
Photomicrograph of fluid inclusions in the Ashawayi gold deposit
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Figure 7.
Microlaser Raman spectrum of fluid inclusions in Ashawayi gold deposit
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Figure 8.
Homogenization temperature-salinity plots of fluid inclusions in the Ashawayi gold deposit
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Figure 9.
A homogenous temperature-salt histogram of fluid inclusions in the Ashawayi gold deposit
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Figure 10.
Relationship of XCO2, VCO2, ρ density to T (A1, B1) and relationship of XCO2, VCO2 to P (A2, B2) of the CO2-H2O-NaCl fluid inclusion with salinity of 6% NaCl eqv.
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Figure 11.
δ18O-δD plots of the ore fluids in the Ashawayi gold deposit (modified from Taylor, 1974)