China Geological Survey Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesHost
科学出版社Publish
Advanced Search
Previous Article Next Article
2018 Vol. 45, No. 6
Article Contents
Article navigation > Geology in China > 2018 > 45(6): 1214-1227
Next Article Previous Article

YANG Shao, LI Dewei, CHEN Guifan, LI Hualiang, ZHANG Shuo, ZHOU Tao. 2018. The discovery of the Wuluqiong magnetite deposit in Tibet and its geological characteristics[J]. Geology in China, 45(6): 1214-1227. doi: 10.12029/gc20180611
Citation: YANG Shao, LI Dewei, CHEN Guifan, LI Hualiang, ZHANG Shuo, ZHOU Tao. 2018. The discovery of the Wuluqiong magnetite deposit in Tibet and its geological characteristics[J]. Geology in China, 45(6): 1214-1227. doi: 10.12029/gc20180611
shu

The discovery of the Wuluqiong magnetite deposit in Tibet and its geological characteristics

  • 1.

    Shaanxi Nuclear Industry Geology Surveying Institute, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China

  • 2.

    Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China

  • 3.

    College of Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China

  • 4.

    Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 710000, Jiangsu, China

  • 5.

    Sichuan Geology and Mineral Bureau Regional Geological Survey Party, Chengdu 710000, Sichuan, China

    • Fund Project: Supported by China Geological Survey Program (No. 1212011121242; No. 1212011121246) and National Natural Science Fund (No. 41603031)
More Information
  • Author Bio: YANG Shao, male, born in 1986, assistant engineer, majors in regional geological survey and mineral survey; E-mail: 331887950@qq.com
Received Date:  23 May 2016
Revised Date:  19 December 2017
Publish Date:  25 December 2018
    Abstract

  • A relatively large magnetite (including copper) deposit was newly discovered during the 1:50, 000 regional geological survey in Wuluqiong area, Tibet, following the discovery of the Nixiong iron mine, Fuye iron deposit, Caima iron deposit, and some other deposits. Located in the western part of Bangong Co-Nujiang River mineralization belt, this ore deposit has not been studied in such aspects as geological features, genesis, age and formation structural environment. According to the field survey, the authors found that the Wuluqiong magnetite ore deposit was formed in the exo-contact zone between the intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in Middle-Late Jurassic and carbonate rock in 2nd member of Riganpeicuo Group in Upper Triassic (T3R2). It was reconstructed by the later NS-trending high-angle normal fault and showed characteristics of multiple phases and stages of mineralization. Based on the LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb geochronological study of the quartz diorite and the monzogranite adjacent to the orebody and the isostructural carbonate veins in the fault controlling the orebody, the authors obtained two weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of (161.3±0.72) Ma, (157.5±1.7) Ma for the crystallized zircons in the quartz diorite and the monzogranite, and obtained a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of (84.2±1.1) Ma for the hydrothermal zircons in the isostructural carbonate veins. Combined with the previous research and 1:50, 000 geological survey, the authors hold that the Wuluqiong magnetite ore deposit was initially concentrated in skarn-type magnetite during the process of northward subduction of Bangong Co-Nujiang River in Middle-Late Jurassic (157.5-161.3 Ma), and then underwent another enrichment in the process of intracontinental stretch in Late Cretaceous (84.2 Ma). It is considered that mineralization events related to the intracontinental stretch occurred in the middle of Late Cretaceous in Bangong Co area and mineralization might have existed on both north and south sides of the Bangong Co ophiolitic mélange belt. The mineralization, together with the diapirism of asthenosphere after the closure of Bangong Co-Nujiang River and related linearly thermal uplift and stretch of the crust, constituted a system of correlative mechanism.

    • FullText(HTML)
  • 加载中
    • References
  • Cao Shenghua, Deng Shiquan, Xiao Zhijian, Liao Liugen. 2006. The archipelagic arc tectonic evolution of the Meso-Tethys in the western part of the Bangong Lake-Nujiang Suture Zone[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 26(4):25-33(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Cao Shenghua, Li Dewei, Yu Zhongzhen, Yuan Jianya, Wu Xuling, Hu Weizheng. 2007. Metallogenic and geological characteristics of the Nixiong superlarge magnetite deposit in Gangdese, Tibet[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 31(3):328-334(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Cao Shenghua, Luo Xiaochuan, Tang Fenglin, Chen Lugen. 2004.Time-space structure and evolution of the arc-basin system on the southern side the Bangong Co-Nujiang junction zone[J]. Geology in China, 31(1):51-56(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Dong Chuanwan, Zhang Dengrong, Xu Xisheng, Yan Qiang, Zhu Guoqiang. 2006. SHRIMP U-Pb dating and lithogeochemistry of basic-intermediate dike swarms from Jinjiang, Fujian Province[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 22(6):1696-1702.

    Google Scholar

    Feng Guosheng, Chen Zhenhua, Liao Liugen, Xiao Yebin. 2007.Geological characteristics of the Fuye porphyrite iron deposit, Rutog County, Tibet, China and its significance for iron prospecting[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 26(8):1041-1047(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Feng Guosheng, Liao Liugen, Chen Zhenhua, Xiao Zhijian. 2006.Geological characteristics of the Caima iron-polymetallic deposit, mineral prospecting[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 25(1):267-272(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Geng Quanru, Pan Guitang, Wang Liquan, Peng Zhimin, Zhang Zhang. 2011. Tethyan evolution and metallogenic geological background of the Bangong Co-Nujiang Belt and the Qiangtang massif in Tibet[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 30(8):1261-1274(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Jiang Junhua, Wang Ruijiang, Qu Xiaoming, Xin Hongbo, Wang Zhenzhong. 2011. Crustal extension of the Bangong lake arc zone, western Tibetan Plateau, after the closure of the Tethys oceanic basin[J]. Earth Science——Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36(6):1021-1032(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Li Dewei. 2008. Three-stage tectonic evolution and metallogenic evolution in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent area[J]. Earth Science——Journal of China University of Geosciences, 33(6):723-742(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2008.089

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    Li Fenqi, Liu Wei, Zhang Shizhen, Li Yong. The Evidence of Earth dynamic background conversion in the north-central Gangdese and its adjacent regions during Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous[J]. Geological Review, 60(6):1297-1308(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Li Hualiang, Yang Shao, Li Dewei, Zhang Shuo, Lv Zhiwei, Chen Guifan. 2014. Geochronology, geochemistry, tectonic setting and metallogenetic significance of the Late Cretaceous quartz monzonite in the northwestern Gangdise terrane[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 38(3):694-705(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Li Hualiang. 2014. Signs and Ttime of continent-ocean transform of the western part of Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone[D]. China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), 33-39(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Li Zhijun, Tang Juxing, Yao Xiaofeng, Deng Shilin, Wang You. 2011.Re-Os isotope age and geological significance of molybdenite in the Gaerqiong Cu-Au deposit of Geji, Tibet, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 38(6):678-683(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Liu Y, Gao S, Hu Z, Gao C, Zong K, Wang D. 2010. Continental and oceanic crust recycling-induced melt-peridotite interactions in the Trans-North China Orogen:U-Pb dating, Hf isotopes and trace elements in zircons of mantle xenoliths[J]. Journal of Petrology, 51(1/2):537-571.

    Google Scholar

    Liu Y S, Hu Z C, Gao S, Günther D, Xu J, Gao C G, Chen H H. 2008. In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard[J]. Chemical Geology, 257(1):34-43.

    Google Scholar

    Ludwig K R. 2003. User's Manual for Isoplot 3.0:A geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geochronological Center, Special Publication, 4:1-71.

    Google Scholar

    Lv Lina, Cui Yubin, Song Liang, Zhao yuanyi, Qu Xiaoming, Wang jiangpeng. 2011. Geochemical characteristics and zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating of Galale skarn gold (Copper) deposit, Tibet and its significance[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 18(5):224-242(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Qiu Ruizhao, Zhou Su, Deng Jinfu, Li Jinfa, Xiao Qinghui, Cai Zhiyong. Dating of gabbro in the Shemalagou ophiolite in the western segment of the Bangong Co-Nujiang ophiolite belt, Tibet-with a discussion of the age of the Bangong Co-Nujiang ophiolite belt[J]. Geology in China, 31(3):262-268(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Qu Xiaoming, Wang Ruijiang, Xin Hongbo, Zhao Yuanyi, Fan Xingtao. 2009. Geochronology and geochemistry of igneous rocks related to the subduction of the Tethys Oceanic Plate along the Bangong lake arc zone, the Western Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geochimica, 38(6):523-535(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Qu Xiaoming, Xin Hongbo, Du Dedao, Chen Hua. 2012. Ages of postcollisional A-type granite and constraints on the closure of the oceanic basin in the middle segment of the Bangonghu-Nujiang suture, the Tibetan plateau[J]. Geochimica, 41(1):1-14(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    She Hongquan, Li Jinwen, Ma Dongfang, Li Guangming, Zhang Dequan, Feng Chengyou, Qu Wenjun, Pan Guitang. 2009.Molybdenite Re-Os and SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of Duobuza porphyry copper deposit in Tibet and its geological implications[J]. Mineral Deposits, 28(6):737-746(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Tang Juxing, Zhang Zhi, Li Zhijun, Shun Yan, Yao Xiaofeng, Hu Zhenghua, Wang Hongxing, Song Junlong, He Lin. 2013. The metallogensis, deposit model and prospecting direction of the Ga'erqiong-Galale copper-gold ore field, Tibet[J]. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 34(4):385-394(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Wang Qin, Tang Juxing, Fang Xiang, Lin Bin, Song Yang, Wang Yiyun, Yang Huanhuan, Yang Chao, Li Yanbo, Wei Lujie, Feng Jun, Li Li. 2015. Petrogenetic setting of andsites in Rongna ore block, Tiegelong Cu (Au-Ag) deposit, Duolong ore concentration area, Tibet:Evidence from zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating and petrogeochemistry of andsites[J]. Geology in China, 42(5):1324-1336(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Wu Yuanbao, Zheng Yongfei. 2004. Genetic mineralogy of zircon and its constraints on the interpretation of U-Pb age[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 49(16):1589-1604 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar

    Yao Xiaofeng, Tang Juxing, Li Zhijun, Deng Shilin, Ding Shuai, Hu Zhenghua, Zhang Zhi. 2013. Zhi Zhang. The redefinition of the ore-forming porphyry's age in Gaerqiong skarn-type goldcopper deposit, western Bangong Lake-Nujiang River metallogenic belt, Xizang (Tibet)[J]. Geological Review, 59(1):193-200(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Yuan H L, Gao S, Dai M N, Zong C L, Günther D, Fontaine G H, Liu X M, Diwu C R. 2008. Simultaneous determinations of U-Pb age, Hf isotopes and trace element compositions of zircon by excimer laser-ablation quadrupole and multiple-collector ICP-MS[J]. Chemical Geology, 247(1/2):100-118.

    Google Scholar

    Yuan H L, Gao S, Liu X M, Li H M, Günther D, Wu F Y. 2004.Accurate U-Pb age and trace element determinations of zircon by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry[J]. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 28(3):353-370. doi: 10.1111/ggr.2004.28.issue-3

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    Zhang Guishan, Wen Hanjie, Hu Ruizhong, Qiu Yuzhou, Yang Guangshu, Yu Wenxiu. 2006. Geological implications of tectonic stress field formed in mafic dikes in southeastern Fujian[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 30(2):142-148.

    Google Scholar

    Zhang Shuo, Shi Hongfeng, Hao Haijian, Li Dewei, Lin Yan, Feng Minmin. 2014. Geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic significance of Late Cretaceous adakites in Bangong Lake, Tibet[J]. Earth Science -Journal of China University of Geosciences, 39(5):509-524(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Zhang Shuo. Intracontinental Thermal Upwelling Extension after the Ocean-Continent Transition of Meso-Tethys in Bangong Lake, Tibet[D]. China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), 32-41(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Zhang Zhang, Geng Quanru, Peng Zhimin, Cong Feng, Guan Junlei. 2011. Geochemistry and geochronology of the Caima granites in the western part of the Bangong Lake-Nujiang metallogenic zone, Xizang[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 31(4):86-96(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Zhang Zhang, Geng Quanru, Peng Zhimin, Cong Feng, Guan Junlei. 2015. Petrogenesis of Fuye pluton in Rutog, Tibet:Zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic constraints[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 34(2/3):262-273(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Zhou Tao, Chen Chao, Liang Sang, Chen Guifan, Li Hualiang, Li Dewei. 2014. Zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemical characteristics of Volcanic rocks in the ophiolite mélange at the Bangong Lake, Tibet[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 38(1):157-167(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    Zhu Xiangping, Chen Huaan, Liu Hongfei, Ma Dongfang, Li Guangming, Huang Hanxiao, Zhang Hong, Liu Chaoqiang, Wei Lujie. 2015. Zircon U-Pb ages, geochemistry of the porphyries from the Duobuza porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Tibet and their metallogenic significance[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 89(3):534-548(in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar

    曹圣华, 邓世权, 肖志坚, 廖六根. 2006.班公湖-怒江结合带西段中特提斯多岛弧构造演化[J].沉积与特提斯地质, 26(4):25-33. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-3850.2006.04.004

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    曹圣华, 李德威, 余忠珍, 袁建芽, 吴旭铃, 胡为正. 2007.西藏冈底斯尼雄超大型富铁矿的成矿地质特征[J].大地构造与成矿学, 31(3):328-334. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1552.2007.03.009

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    曹圣华, 罗小川, 唐峰林, 陈鲁根. 2004.班公湖-怒江结合带南侧弧-盆系时空结构与演化特征[J].中国地质, 31(1):51-56. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2004.01.007

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    董传万, 张登荣, 徐夕生, 闫强, 竺国强. 2006.福建晋江中-基性岩脉的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学[J].岩石学报, 22(6):1696-1702.

    Google Scholar

    冯国胜, 陈振华, 廖六根, 肖业斌. 2007.西藏日土地区弗野玢岩铁矿的地质特征及找矿意义[J].地质通报, 26(8):1041-1047. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2007.08.018

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    冯国胜, 廖六根, 陈振华, 肖志坚. 2006.西藏西部日土县材玛铁多金属矿地质特征及找矿意义[J].地质通报, 25(1):267-272. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2006.01.042

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    耿全如, 潘桂棠, 王立全, 彭智敏, 张璋. 2011.班公湖-怒江带、羌塘地块特提斯演化与成矿地质背景[J].地质通报, 30(8):1261-1274. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2011.08.013

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    江军华, 王瑞江, 曲晓明, 辛洪波, 王振中. 2011.青藏高原西部班公湖岛弧带特提斯洋盆闭合后的地壳伸展作用[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 36(6):1021-1032.

    Google Scholar

    李德威. 2008.青藏高原及邻区三阶段构造演化与成矿演化[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 33(6):723-742.

    Google Scholar

    李奋其, 刘伟, 张士贞, 李勇. 2014.冈底斯中北部及邻区中侏罗世-早白垩世地球动力背景转换的证据[J].地质论评, 60(6):1297-1308.

    Google Scholar

    李华亮, 杨绍, 李德威, 张硕, 吕志伟, 陈桂凡. 2014.冈底斯西北缘晚白垩世石英二长岩的年代学、地球化学、构造环境及成矿意义[J].大地构造与成矿学, 38(3):694-705.

    Google Scholar

    李华亮. 2014.班公湖-怒江缝合带西段洋陆转换的标志及时间[D].中国地质大学(武汉)博士论文, 33-39http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10491-1014340869.htm

    Google Scholar

    李志军, 唐菊兴, 姚晓峰, 邓世林, 王友. 2011.班公湖-怒江成矿带西段尕尔穷铜金矿床辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 38(6):678-683. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2011.06.013

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    吕立娜, 崔玉斌, 宋亮, 赵元艺, 曲晓明, 王江朋. 2011.西藏嘎拉勒夕卡岩型金(铜)矿床地球化学特征与锆石的LA-ICP-MS定年及意义[J].地学前缘, 18(5):224-242.

    Google Scholar

    邱瑞照, 周肃, 邓晋福, 李金发, 肖庆辉, 蔡志勇. 2004.西藏班公湖-怒江西段舍马拉沟蛇绿岩中辉长岩年龄测定——兼论班公湖-怒江蛇绿岩带形成时代[J].中国地质, 31(3):262-268. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2004.03.004

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    曲晓明, 王瑞江, 辛洪波, 赵元艺, 樊兴涛. 2009.西藏西部与班公湖特提斯洋盆俯冲相关的火成岩年代学和地球化学[J].地球化学, 38(6):523-535. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0379-1726.2009.06.002

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    曲晓明, 辛洪波, 杜德道, 陈华. 2012.西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带中段碰撞后A型花岗岩的时代及其对洋盆闭合时间的约束[J].地球化学, 41(1):1-14.

    Google Scholar

    佘宏全, 李进文, 马东方, 李光明, 张德全, 丰成友, 屈文俊, 潘桂棠. 2009.西藏多不杂斑岩铜矿床辉钼矿Re-Os和锆石U-Pb SHRIMP测年及地质意义[J].矿床地质, 28(6):737-746. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7106.2009.06.003

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    唐菊兴, 张志, 李志军, 孙燕, 姚晓峰, 胡正华, 王红星, 宋俊龙, 何林. 2013.西藏尕尔穷-嘎拉勒铜金矿集区成矿规律、矿床模型与找矿方向[J].地球学报, 34(4):385-394.

    Google Scholar

    王勤, 唐菊兴, 方向, 林彬, 宋扬, 王艺云, 杨欢欢, 杨超, 李彦波, 卫鲁杰, 冯军, 李力. 2015.西藏多龙矿集区铁格隆南铜(金银)矿床荣那矿段安山岩成岩背景:来自锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学的证据[J].中国地质, 42(5):1324-1336. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2015.05.011

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    吴元保, 郑永飞. 2004.锆石成因矿物学研究及其对U-Pb年龄解释的制约[J].科学通报, 49(16):1589-1604. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.2004.16.002

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    姚晓峰, 唐菊兴, 李志军, 邓世林, 丁帅, 胡正华, 张志. 2013.班公湖-怒江带西段尕尔穷矽卡岩型铜金矿含矿母岩成岩时代的重新厘定及其地质意义[J].地质论评, 59(1):193-200. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0371-5736.2013.01.021

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    张贵山, 温汉捷, 胡瑞忠, 裘愉卓, 杨光树, 于文修. 2006.闽东南基性岩脉形成的构造应力场地质意义[J].大地构造与成矿学, 30(2):142-148. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1552.2006.02.003

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    张硕, 史洪峰, 郝海健, 李德威, 吝岩, 冯旻旻. 2014.青藏高原班公湖地区晚白垩世埃达克岩年代学、地球化学及构造意义[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 39(5):509-524.

    Google Scholar

    张硕. 2014.西藏班公湖中特提斯洋陆转换后陆内热隆伸展作用[D].中国地质大学(武汉)硕士论文, 32-41.

    Google Scholar

    周涛, 陈超, 梁桑, 陈桂凡, 李华亮, 李德威. 2014.西藏班公湖蛇绿混杂岩中火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学特征[J].大地构造与成矿学, 38(1):157-167.

    Google Scholar

    张璋, 耿全如, 彭智敏, 丛峰, 关俊雷. 2011.班公湖-怒江成矿带西段材玛花岗岩体岩石地球化学及年代学[J].沉积与特提斯地质, 31(4):86-96. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-3850.2011.04.013

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    张璋, 耿全如, 彭智敏, 丛峰, 关俊雷. 2015.西藏日土地区弗野岩体的成因——锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素约束[J].地质通报, 34(2-3):262-273.

    Google Scholar

    祝向平, 陈华安, 刘鸿飞, 马东方, 李光明, 黄瀚霄, 张红, 刘朝强, 卫鲁杰. 2015.西藏多不杂斑岩铜矿斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学特征及其成矿意义[J].地质学报, 89(3):534-548.

    Google Scholar

    • Relative Articles
  • Cited by
  • Supplements
    • Proportional views
  • 加载中
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Figures(5)

Tables(2)

Export Citation
PDF
XML

Article Metrics

Article views(2654) PDF downloads(708) Cited by(0)

Access History

Other Articles By Authors

Catalog

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    版权所有：中国地质调查局发展研究中心 copyright @2020