Citation: | LI Xuejie, WANG Zhe, YAO Yongjian, GAO Hongfang, LI Bo. 2017. The tectonic features and evolution of the west Pacific margin[J]. Geology in China, 44(6): 1102-1114. doi: 10.12029/gc20170605 |
The structural zone of the western Pacific margin is the biggest and most complex plate boundary in the earth. Bounded at Taiwan and the Molucca Sea, it can be divided into 3 sections from the north to the south. The north part, from Kurile to Ryukyu, is a typical trench-arc-basin system, and Kurile basin, Japan Sea and Okinawa trough constitute back arc basin. The central part, the Philippine structural zone, is characterized by complex double subduction. It underwent large displacement and reconstruction in Cenozoic and resulted in much debate for the origin of the South China Sea, Sulu Sea and Celebes Sea. The south part, the New Guinea-Solomon structural zone, resulted from compression and collision among Pacific, Indian and Eurasian plate, with large amounts of strike and back arc spreading. There are new spreading basins and subducting basins among the structural zones. The Taiwan Island is located at the junction, in which the Eurasian plate was torn. Eurasian plate margin subducted eastward beneath the Philippine arc along Manila Trench in the south, while Philippine Sea plate subducted northeastward beneath Eurasian plate along Ryukyu Trench in the north. Molucca Sea is another junction on the west Pacific margin, in which the oceanic lithosphere plate subducted westward beneath Sangihe arc and eastward beneath Halmahera arc, forming reversal U-shaped double subduction zone. Halmahera arc collided with Sangihe arc due to the almost disappearance of the oceanic plate.
Audley-Charles M G, Carte, J D, Barber, A J, Norvick M S, Tjokrosapoetro S. 1979. Reinterpretation of the geology of Seram:Implications for the evolution of Banda Arc and northern Australia[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, 136:547-568. doi: 10.1144/gsjgs.136.5.0547 |
Aurelio M A, Peña R E, Taguibao K J L. 2013. Sculpting the Philippine archipelago since the Cretaceous throughrifting, oceanic spreading, subduction, obduction, collision andstrike-slip faulting:Contribution to IGMA5000[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 72:102-107. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.10.007 |
Baranov BV, Werner R, Hoernle K A, Tsoy I B, van den Bogaard P, Tarain I A. 2002. Evidence for compressionally induced high subsidence rates in the Kurile Basin(Okhotsk Sea)[J]. Tectonophysics, 350(1):63-97. doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00081-1 |
Ben-Avraham, Z. Uyeda, S, 1973. The evolution of the China Basin and the Mesozoic Paleogeography of Borneo[J]. Earth Planet. Sci.Lett., 18, 365-376. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(73)90077-0 |
Charlton T R, 1991. Postcollision extension in arc-continent collision zones, eastern Indonesia[J]. Geology, 19(1):28-31. doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0028:PEIACC>2.3.CO;2 |
Daly M C, Cooper M A, Wilson I. 1991. Cainozoic plate tectonics and basin evolution in Indonesia[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 8(1):2-21. doi: 10.1016/0264-8172(91)90041-X |
DeMets C, Gordon R G, Argus D F, Stin S. 1990. Current plate motions[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 101(2):425-478. doi: 10.1111/gji.1990.101.issue-2 |
Di Leo J F, Wooley J, Hammond J O S, Kendall J M, Kaneshima S, Inoue H, Yamashina T, Harjadi P. 2012. Deformation and mantle flow beneath the Sangihe subduction zone from seismic anisotropy[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 194-195:38-54. doi: 10.1016/j.pepi.2012.01.008 |
Filatova, N I. 2004. Cenozoic extension structures in the continental framework of the Japan Sea[J]. Geotectonica, 38(6):459-477. |
Fyhn M B W, Boldreel L O, Nielsen L H. 2009. Geological development of the Central and South Vietnamese margin:Implications for the establishment of the South China Sea, Indochinese escape tectonics and Cenozoic volcanism[J]. Tectonophysics, 478(3-4):184-214 doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.08.002 |
Guo L Z, Shi Y S, Ma R S. 1983. On the Formation and evolution of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic active continental margin and Island Arc tectonics of the Western Pacific Ocean[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 57(1):11-21 |
Hall R. 2002. Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific:Computer-based reconstructions model and animations[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 20(4):353-431 doi: 10.1016/S1367-9120(01)00069-4 |
Hall R, van Hattum M W A, Spakman W. 2008. Impact of India-Asia collision on SE Asia:the record in Borneo[J]. Tectonophysics, 451(1/4):366-389. |
Hall R. 2013. Contraction and extension in Northern Borneo driven by subduction rollback[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 76:399-411. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.04.010 |
Hao T Y, Neprochnov Y, Jiang W W, Song H B, Liu J H, Liu Y K. 2001. Feature of field and geological tectonics in Okhotsk Sea[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 16(1):1-10(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Hinschberger F, Malod J A, Réhault J P, Villeneuve M, Royer J Y, Burhanuddin S. 2005. Late Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of eastern Indonesia[J]. Tectonophysics, 404(1-2):91-118. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2005.05.005 |
Hirata N, Kinoshit H, Katao H, Baba H, Kaiho Y, Koresawa S, Ono Y, Hayashi K. 1991. Report on DELP 1988 cruise in the Okinawa Trough part 3. Crustal structure of the southern Okinawa Trough[J]. Bulletin of Earthquake Research Institute, 66(1):37-70. |
Honthaas C, Réhault, J P, Maury R C, Bellon H, Hémond C, Malod J A, Cornée J J, Villeneuve M, Cotton J, Burhanuddin S. 1998. A Neogene back-arc origin for the Banda Sea basins:Geochemical and geochronological constraints from the Banda ridges (east Indonesia)[J]. Tectonophysics, 298(4):297-317. doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00190-5 |
Honthaas C, Maury R C, Priadi B, Bellon H, Cotten J. 1999. The PlioQuaternary Ambon Arc, eastern Indonesia[J]. Tectonophysics, 301(3/4):261-281. |
Honza E, Fujioka K. 2004. Formation of arcs and backarc basins inferred from the tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia since the Late Cretaceous[J]. Tectonophysics, 384(1/4):23-53 |
Hsiao L Y, Lin K A, Huang S T, Teng L S. 1998. Structural characteristics of theSouthern Taiwan-Sinzi folded zone[J]. Petroleum Geology of Taiwan, 32:133-153. |
Hutchison C S. 2004. Marginal basin evolution:The southern South China Sea[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21(9):1129-1148. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.07.002 |
Iwasaki T, Hirata N, Kanazawa T, Melles J, Suyehiro K, Urabe T, Möller L, Makris J, Shimamura H. 1990. Crustal and upper mantle structure in the Ryukyu islandarc deduced from deep seismic sounding[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 102(3):631-651. doi: 10.1111/gji.1990.102.issue-3 |
Jolivet L, Tamaki K, Fournier M. 1994. Japan Sea, openinghistory and mechanism:A synthesis[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99(B11):22237-22259. doi: 10.1029/93JB03463 |
Katili J A. 1975. Volcanism and plate tectonics in the Indonesianisland arcs[J]. Tectonophysics, 26(3/4):165-188. |
Kimura M. 1985. Back-arc rifting in the Okinawa Trough[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2(3):222-240. doi: 10.1016/0264-8172(85)90012-1 |
Kimura G, Tamaki K. 1986. Collision, rotation and back-arc spreading of the Okhotskand Japan Sea[J]. Tectonics, 5(3):389-401. doi: 10.1029/TC005i003p00389 |
Kreemer C, Holt W E, Goes S, Govers R. 2000. Active deformationin eastern Indonesia and the Philippines from GPS andseismicity data[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105 (B1):663-680. doi: 10.1029/1999JB900356 |
Lallemand S E, Popoff M, Cadet J P, Bader A G, Pubellier M, Rangin C, Beffontaines B. 1998. Genetic relations betweenthe central and southern Philippine Trench and the Sangihe Trench[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103 (B1):933-950. doi: 10.1029/97JB02620 |
Lallemand S, Theunissen T, Schnürle P, Lee C S, Liu C S, Font Y. 2013. Indentation of the Philippine Sea plate by the Eurasia plate in Taiwan:Details from recent marine seismological experiments[J]. Tectonophysics, 594:60-79. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2013.03.020 |
Leloup P H, Arnaud N, Lacassin R, Kienast J R, Harrison T M, Phan Trong T T, Replumaz A, Tapponnier P. 2001. New constraints on the structure, thermochronology and timing of the ASRR shear zone, SE Asia[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106 (B4):6683-6732. doi: 10.1029/2000JB900322 |
Letouzey J. 1985. Okinawa Trough genesis:Structure and evolution ofback-arc basin development in a continent[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2(2):111-130. doi: 10.1016/0264-8172(85)90002-9 |
Letouzey J, Kimura M, 1986. The Okinawa Trough:Genesis of a back-arc basin developingalong a continental margin[J]. Tectonophysics, 125(1/3):209-230. |
Li C F, Li J B, Ding W W, Franke D, Yao Y J, Shi H S, Pang X, Cao Y, Lin J, Kulhanek D K, Willliams T, Bao R, Briais A, Brown E A, Chen Y F, Clift P D, Colwell F S, Dadd K A, Hernández-Almeida I, Huang X L, Hyun S, Jiang T, Koppers A A P, Li Q Y, Liu C L, Liu Q S, Liu Z F, Nagai R H, Peleo-Alampay A, Xu X, Sun Z, Tejada M L G, Trinh H S, Yeh Y C, Zhang C L, Zhang F, Zhang G J, Zhao X X. 2015. Seismic stratigraphyof the central South China Sea basinand implications for neotectonics[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 120:1377-1399. |
Li R L, Zhao X P, Yang B J. 2004. The basic characteristics and geologic meanings of crustal structure in the domain of Japan Sea[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 19(1):56-60(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Li S Z, Suo Y F, Liu X, Dai L M, Yu S, Zhao S J, Ma Y, Wang X F, Cheng S X, Xue Y C, Xiong L J, An H T. 2012. Basic structural pattern and tectonic models of the South China Sea:Problems, advances and controversies[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 32(6):35-53. |
Li S Z, Yu S, Zhao S J, Liu X, Gong S Y, Suo Y F, Dai L M, Ma Y, Xu L Q, Cao X Z, Wang P C, Sun W J, Yang Z, Zhu J. 2013. Tectonic transition and plate reconstructions of the East Asian continental margin[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 33(3):65-94. |
Luan X W, Zhang L. Teconic evolution modes of South China Sea:Passive spreading under complex actions[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 29(6):59-74 |
Martin A K. 2011. Double saloon door tectonics in the Japan Sea, Fossa Magna, and the Japanese Island Arc[J]. Tectonophysics, 498(1/4):45-65. |
McCaffrey R. 1982. Lithospheric deformation within the Molucca sea arc-arc collision:Evidence from shallow and intermediate earthquake activity[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87(B5):3663-3678. doi: 10.1029/JB087iB05p03663 |
McCaffrey R. 1988. Active tectonics of the eastern Sunda and Banda Arcs[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93 (B12):15163-15182. doi: 10.1029/JB093iB12p15163 |
Nichols G, Hall R. 1999. History of the Celebes Sea Basin based on its stratigraphic and sedimentological record[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 17(1/2):47-59. |
Nohda, S. 2009. Formation of the Japan Sea basin:Reassessment from Ar-Ar ages and Nd-Sr isotopic data of basement basalts of the Japan Sea and adjacent regions[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 34(5):599-609. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.08.003 |
Packham G, 1996. Cenozoic SE Asia:reconstructing its aggregationand reorganization[C]//Hall R, Blundell D J (eds.).Study on Ophiolites and Geodynamics. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 106:123-152. |
Petkovic P, Collins C D N, Finlayson D M. 2000. A crustaltransect between Precambrian Australia and the Timor troughacross the Vulcan sub-basin[J]. Tectonophysics, 329(1/4):23-38. |
Pigram C J, Panggabean H. 1984. Rifting of the northern marginof the Australian continent and the origin of some microcontinents in eastern Indonesia[J]. Tectonophysics, 107(3/4):331-353. |
Pubellier M, Monnier C, Maury R, Tamayo R. 2004. Plate kinematics, origin and tectonic emplacementof supra-subduction ophiolites in SE Asia[J]. Tectonophysics, 392(1/4):9-36. |
Pubellier M, Meresse F. 2013. Phanerozoic growth of Asia:Geodynamic processes and evolution[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2013, 72:118-128. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.06.013 |
Rangin C, 1989. The Sulu Sea, a back-arc basin setting within a Neogene collision zone[J]. Tectonophysics, 161(1/2):119-141. |
Rangin C. Silver E A, 1991. Neogene tectonic evolution of the Celebes Sulu basins:new insights from Leg 124 drillings[C]//Silver E A, Rangin C, von Breymann M T, et al(eds.). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 124:51-63. |
Rangin C, Spakman W, Pubellier M, Bijwaard H. 1999. Tomographic and geological constraints on subduction alongthe eastern Sundaland continental margin (South-East Asia)[J]. Bulletin De La Societe Geologique De France, 170(6):775-788. |
Ren J. Y., Li S. T., 2000. Spreading and Dynamic Setting of Marginal Basins of the Western Pacific[J]. Earth Science Frontiers (China University of Geosciences, Beijing), 7(3):203-213 |
Sdrolias M, Roest W R, Müller R D. 2004. An expression of Philippine Sea plate rotation:the Parece Velaand Shikoku Basins[J]. Tectonophysics, 394(1/2):69-86. |
Seno T, 1977. The instantaneous rotation vector of the Phillippine Sea plate relative tothe Eurasian plate[J]. Tectonophysics, 42(2/4):209-226. |
Shi H, and Li C F. 2012, Mesozoic and early Cenozoic tectonic convergence-to-rifting transition prior to opening of the South China Sea[J]. International Geology Review, 54(15):1-28. |
Sibue J C, Hsu S K, 2004. How was Taiwan created?[J]. Tectonophysics, 379(1/4):159-181. |
Tapponnier P, Peltzer G, Dain L ALY, Armijo R, Cobbold P. 1982.Propagating extrusiontectonics in Asia:New insights from simple experiments with plasticine[J]. Geology, 10(10):611-616. |
Taylor B, 1979. Bismarck Sea:evolution of a back-arc basin[J]. Geology, 7(4):171-174. doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1979)7<171:BSEOAB>2.0.CO;2 |
Taylor B, Hayes D E. 1983. Origin and history of the South China Sea Basin Taylor B, Hayes D E(eds.). The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands. Washington:Americal Geophysical Union, 23-56. |
Taylor B, Goodliffe A M, Martinez F. Hey R. 1995. Continental rifting and initial seafloor spreading in the Woodlark Basin[J]. Nature, 374:534-537. doi: 10.1038/374534a0 |
Taylor B, Goodliffe A M, Martinez F. 1999. How continents break up:insights from Papua New Guinea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104(B4):7497-7512. doi: 10.1029/1998JB900115 |
Teng L S. 1996. Extensional collapse of the northern Taiwan mountain belt[J]. Geology, 24(10):949-952. doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0949:ECOTNT>2.3.CO;2 |
Teng L S, Lee C T, Peng C H, Chen W F, Chu C J. 2001. Origin and geological evolutionof the Taipei Basin, Northern Taiwan[J]. Western Pacific Earth Sciences, 1(2):115-142. |
Tregoning P, Jackson R J, McQueen H, Lambeck K, Stevens C, Little R P, Curley R, Rosa R. 1999. Motion of the South Bismarck Plate, Papua New Guinea[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 26(23):3517-3520. doi: 10.1029/1999GL010840 |
Carena S. 2012. Crust-mantle boundaries in the Taiw Carena S. 2012.Crust-mantle boundaries in the Taiwan-Luzon arc-continent collision system determined from local earthquake tomography and 1D models:for themode of subduction polarity reversal[J]. Tectonophysics, 578:31-49 doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.029 |
Von der Borch C C. 1979. Continent-island arc collision in theBanda Arc[J]. Tectonophysics 54(3-4):169-193. doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(79)90367-6 |
Wakita K. 2013. Geology and tectonics of Japanese islands:A review-The key to understanding the geology of Asia[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 72:75-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.04.014 |
Wang P X. 2012. Tracing the life history of a marginal Sea——On the "South China Sea Deep" Research Program[J]. Chin. Sci. Bull., 57, doi:10.1007/s11434-012-5087-1 |
Weissel J K. 1980. Evidence for Eocene oceanic crust in the Celebes Basin[C]//Hayes D E (ed.). The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands. Washington:American Geophysical Union, 185-189. |
Widiyantoro S, van der Hilst R. 1997. Mantle structure beneath Indonesia inferred from high-resolution tomographic imaging[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 130(1):167-182. doi: 10.1111/gji.1997.130.issue-1 |
Wintsch R P, Yang H J, Li X H, Tung K A. 2011. Geochronologic evidence for a cold arc-continent collision:The Taiwan orogeny[J]. Lithos, 125(1/2):236-248. |
Worrall D M, Kruglgak V, Kunst F, Kuznetsov V. 1996. Tertiary tectonics of the Sea of Okhotsk, Russia:far-field effects of the India-Eurasia collision[J]. Tectonics, 15(4):813-826. doi: 10.1029/95TC03684 |
Xu J Y, Ben-Avraham Z, Kelty T, Yu H S. 2014. Origin of marginal basins of the NW Pacific and their plate tectonic reconstructions[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 130:154-196. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.10.002 |
Yao B C, Wang L, Wu N Y. 2004. Cenozoic plate tectonic activities in the Great South China Sea[J]. Geology in China, 31(2):113-122(in Chinese with English abstract). |
Yin A. 2010. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Asia:A preliminary synthesis[J]. Tectonophysics, 488(1/4):293-325. |
Yu H S, Chou Y W. 2001. Characteristics and development of the flexural fore bulge and basal unconformity of Western Taiwan Foreland Basin[J]. Tectonophysics, 333(1/2):277-291. |
Yu S B, Chen H Y, Kuo L C. 1997. Velocity field of GPS stations in theTaiwan area[J]. Tectonophysics, 274(1/3):41-59. |
Yu S B, Hsu Y J, Bacolcol T B, Yang C C, Tsai Y C, Solidum R. 2013.Present-day crustal deformation along the Philippine Fault in Luzon, Philippines[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 65:64-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.12.007 |
郭令智, 施央申, 马瑞士. 1983.西太平洋中新生代活动大陆边缘和岛弧构造的形成和演化[J].地质学报, 57 (1):11-21. |
郝天珧, Neprochnov Y, 江为为, 宋海斌, 刘建华, 刘伊克. 2001.鄂霍茨克海的地球物理场与地质构造[J].地球物理学进展, 16(1):1-10. |
李三忠, 索艳慧, 刘鑫, 戴黎明, 余珊, 赵淑娟, 马云, 王霄飞, 程世秀, 薛友辰, 熊莉娟, 安慧婷. 2012.南海的基本构造特征与成因模型:问题与进展及论争[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 32(6):35-53 |
李三忠, 余珊, 赵淑娟, 刘鑫, 龚淑云, 索艳慧, 戴黎明, 马云, 许立青, 曹现志, 王鹏程, 孙文军, 杨朝, 朱俊江. 2013.东亚大陆边缘的板块重建与构造转换[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 33(3):65-94 |
李瑞磊, 赵雪平, 杨宝俊. 2004.日本海域地壳结构基本特征及其地质意义[J].地球物理特征, 19(1):56-60. |
栾锡武, 张亮. 2009.南海构造演化模式:综合作用下的被动扩张[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 29(6):59-74. |
任建业, 李思田. 2000.西太平洋边缘海盆地的扩张过程和动力学[J].地学前缘.7(3):203-213. |
汪品先. 2012.追踪边缘海的生命史:"南海深部计划"的科学目标[J].科学通报, 57(20):1807-1826 |
姚伯初, 万玲, 吴能友. 2004.大南海地区新生代板块活动[J].中国地质, 31(2):113-122. |
Tectonic chart of the western Pacific margin and its neighboring areas
North part of western Pacific marginal structural zone and its free-air gravity anomaly
Structural chart of Japan arc and Japan Sea (modified from Martin, 2011; Wakita, 2012)
3D sketch showing the relationship of Eurasia and Philippine sea plate (modified after Sibuet et al, 2004, Lallemand et al., 2013)
The structure of Philippine arc and its free-air gravity anomaly
Sketch map of double subduction zone in Philippine structural zone
Structural chart of Molucca Sea-Solomon Sea
Sketch of double subduction zone in Molucca Sea