Study on test method of karstification process: Take the development of karstification instrument as an example

FANG Yu; JIANG Zhongcheng; ZHANG Wei; ZHANG Cheng

doi:10.11932/karst20230103

2023 No. 1

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FANG Yu, JIANG Zhongcheng, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Cheng. Study on test method of karstification process: Take the development of karstification instrument as an example[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2023, 42(1): 40-51. doi: 10.11932/karst20230103

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FANG Yu, JIANG Zhongcheng, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Cheng. Study on test method of karstification process: Take the development of karstification instrument as an example[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2023, 42(1): 40-51. doi: 10.11932/karst20230103

Study on test method of karstification process: Take the development of karstification instrument as an example

1.
China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
2.
Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China

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Corresponding author: JIANG Zhongcheng, jzhongcheng@mail.cgs.gov.cn

Received Date: 21 April 2022

Publish Date: 25 February 2023

Abstract

Abstract

In recent years, with the construction of national economy and the need to achieve the "double carbon goal", a large number of increasingly complex problems on karst science have been encountered, which need to be solved by simulating the process of karst action in different geological environment conditions. In the past, karst simulation was mainly carried out under normal temperature, normal pressure and certain pH conditions to determine the basic characteristics of karst and parameters such as the rate of karst, which could not effectively simulate karst under different geological conditions. Therefore, a comprehensive set of instruments for simulating karst action under different geological environmental conditions (e.g., ambient temperature of 0-70 ℃, subsurface depth of 200 m, different CO₂ origins and different saturation levels, etc.) is needed to solve a series of scientific problems such as karst dissolution and sedimentation in different geological environmental contexts. Based on the principle of karstification, this paper defines the functions and parameters of the instrument by analyzing the geological environment conditions of different CO₂ origins, karst development depths, different pH conditions and groundwater circulation depths. Based on the requirement of the karstification instrument, the parameters and modules of karstification instrument have been designed according to the instrument functions, karstification control factors and karstification principle. After the design of each part and the overall development of the instrument were completed, a verification test was carried out to illustrate the feasibility of the instrument. Finally, the following results are obtained. (1) Four karstification models are proposed, i.e., the origin of CO₂in the supergene zone—the shallow circulation karstification model of groundwater; CO₂ origin of supergene zone—cyclic karstification model of groundwater depth; the origin of CO₂ in the deep—the model of karst process of groundwater depth circulation; and the mode of groundwater circulation karstification under the biological action of supergene zone (such as the change of pH value of humic acid). (2) According to the basic principle of karstification and the four models of karstification, five karstification function modules are developed, CO₂ (pH) solution function module of different geological environment origins, water circulation depth module, environmental background temperature module, dissolution module and sedimentation module. (3) The internal relationship between functional modules and karstification together with the combination principle of functional modules has been summarized and analyzed to provide karstification tests under different geological environment conditions. Finally, according to the principle of karstification, taking the computer as the basic control unit, the test parameters of different functional modules have been monitored by sensors and controlled by PLC, and the functional modules have been organically connected and controlled to meet the requirement of fully automatic karstification tests under different geological environment conditions.
Basic parameters of karstification instrument are listed as follows: (1) simulated groundwater circulation depth of 0-200 m; (2) ambient background temperature of 0-70 ℃; (3) CO₂ origins—supergene origin Pco₂=0.0 MPa and endogenous origin Pco₂=0.0-2.0 MPa; (4) different acidity background conditions—pH value is controllable; (5) sedimentation that can be controlled under different flow velocities; (6) sedimentation of the opening degree of karst fissures (can be combined).
However, due to the limitations of time and cost, the instrument can be further improved. For example, in order to improve the preparation efficiency of saturated CO₂ solution, the contact area between CO₂ and water can be increased. A dual solution preparation system can be designed to prepare the solution so that the efficiency of the test can be increased. The maximum safe pressure of this instrument is 2 MPa (water circulation depth of 200 m). If a simulation of a greater water circulation depth is needed, the thickness of stainless-steel materials for solution preparation, dissolution reaction kettle and deposition reactor (meeting the requirements of high-pressure vessel specifications) can be increased, and a pressure pump with a larger pressure rise will be used.
- karstification instrument /
- simulation of karstification process /
- solution preparation device /
- karst sedimentary apparatus /
- geological environment background

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References

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