2023 No. 1
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HUANG Jiangxun, LI Qingguang, AN Li, DU Shuangxue, GUO Xingqiang. Buffering effect of chemical equilibrium of surface water carbonate system on acid mine drainage in small karst watershed[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2023, 42(1): 19-28. doi: 10.11932/karst2022y20
Citation: HUANG Jiangxun, LI Qingguang, AN Li, DU Shuangxue, GUO Xingqiang. Buffering effect of chemical equilibrium of surface water carbonate system on acid mine drainage in small karst watershed[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2023, 42(1): 19-28. doi: 10.11932/karst2022y20

Buffering effect of chemical equilibrium of surface water carbonate system on acid mine drainage in small karst watershed

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  • The dynamic changes of different components in water carbonate system (CO2+HCO < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $_3^{-}$ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='liqingguang_M00252230.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='liqingguang_M003652.png'/ > +CO < span class="inline-formula-span" > $_3^{2-}$ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='liqingguang_M001140.png'/ > ) can be characterized by Revelle factor which can not only reflect the buffering capacity of weak-basicity water to absorb atmospheric CO2, but also reflect the buffering effect of CO2 degassing on H+ during water acidification. Compared with the marine system, the Revelle factor in the surface water carbonate system has a larger variation range. However, the study on the variation of buffering factors in the dynamic transformation of carbonate components in freshwater system is still very limited. This study selected the Chetian river located in Eastern Jinsha county, Guizhou Province as the research area. Through the analysis of multiple buffering factors, the buffering effect of the surface water carbonate system on AMD input was discussed. The results will help to further understand the DIC cycle process and the CO2 source-sink relationship in surface water in the karst area of medium-high sulfur coal mine. Based on the 13-month sampling analysis from November 2020 to November 2021, the equations of Revelle factor—γDIC, βDIC, ωDIC, γAlk, βAlk and ωAlk—were established to characterize the relationship between acid-base chemical balance of water and the dynamic variation of carbonate components. Results show that when the Revelle factor is at the maximum, the buffering capacity of the water carbonate system is the weakest. In the marine system, the maximum value of Revelle factor appears at pH 7.50, and the seawater sample data are mainly distributed on the right side of this factor, reflecting the absorption and buffering capacity of the ocean to atmospheric CO2. When the pH is in the range of 6.35-8.38, the carbonate balance in surface water mainly reflects the conversion between CO2 (aq) and HCO < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $_3^{-}$ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='liqingguang_M00252230.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='liqingguang_M003652.png'/ > , and CO < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $_3^{2}$ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='liqingguang_M0022550.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='liqingguang_M0020568212.png'/ > is almost negligible. Due to the influence of AMD input, all data in the Chetian river fall on the left side of the maximum value, with a variation range of 1.00-51.96, which is shown as the buffering of CO2 degassing on H+. In acidic water with pH<6.35, DIC is gradually dominated by CO2 (aq), and the sensitivity of Revelle factor is reduced. The buffering factors such as γDIC, βDIC, ωDIC, γAlk, βAlk and ωAlk, based on the binary equations of pH and DIC concentration, can be used to further elaborate the relative variation of CO2 (aq), H+ and CO < span class="inline-formula-span" > < span class="inline-formula-span" > $_3^{2}$ < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='liqingguang_M0022550.png'/ > < /span > < img text_id='' class='formula-img' style='display:none;' src='liqingguang_M0020568212.png'/ > on DIC concentration and alkalinity. It can be found that the six buffering factors show a good response to the dynamic transformation of carbonate components during water acidification. When pH is equal to 8.38, the six factors have extreme values, reflecting the low buffering capacity of water carbonate system. At pH>6.35, βAlk is linearly related to the concentration of CO2 (aq). With the improvement of acidification degree, βDIC can respond well to the buffering of chemical equilibrium of carbonate system to H+. When pH is less than 6.35, with the gradual increase of the proportion of CO2 (aq), the water carbonate system is no longer in a closed environment, and the carbon transport at the water-gas interface and water-rock interface is enhanced. When the CO2 degassing is dominant, the absolute value of these buffering factors becomes larger; when the erosion of carbonate rocks by H+ is the dominate process, the absolute value of these buffering factors become smaller.

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