| Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences | Host |
| Citation: |
YUAN Jianfei, LIU Huizhong, DENG Guoshi, LI Minghui. Structural characteristics of Triassic carbonate geothermal reservoir and genesis of thermal water in the Tongluo mountain anticline of Guang’an City, China[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2022, 41(4): 623-635. doi: 10.11932/karst20220410
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Structural characteristics of Triassic carbonate geothermal reservoir and genesis of thermal water in the Tongluo mountain anticline of Guang’an City, China
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Abstract
There are abundant geothermal resources at low-medium temperature in the fold mountain areas of eastern Sichuan, and the main geothermal reservoirs are Leikoupo and Jialingjiang formations. Generally, karst geothermal reservoirs have the advantages of large water volume, easy reinjection of tail water after exploitation, and less damage to geothermal reservoirs. Recently, a great breakthrough in geothermal exploration of the Tongluo mountain anticline in fold mountain areas of eastern Sichuan has been achieved. Two deep geothermal wells with a depth of more than 1,700 m have been consecutively drilled to obtain karst geothermal resources with high development and utilization value. However, although good results have been obtained in terms of geothermal exploration, there are relatively few studies on the characteristics of geothermal reservoirs and the mechanism of geothermal water circulation.
In the study on structure characteristics of Triassic karst geothermal reservoir, geothermal water chemistry and stable isotope composition, geothermal reservoir temperature, and mechanism of geothermal water circulation, methods including geothermal drilling, hydro-geochemistry, diagram analysis of thermal water components, and geo-thermometer assessment are used to analyze the occurrence condition of karst geothermal water and genetic model in this study area. Results show that the geothermal reservoir structure in the study area is relatively intact, and the cap layer of thermal reservoir, the thermal reservoir, and the lower water barrier layer are formed as independent geothermal hydrogeological units. Karst geothermal water is mainly SO4-Ca·Mg and SO4-Ca types and rich in contents of F, Sr, Li, B, and SiO2. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope analysis indicates that karst geothermal water is of meteoric origin, and the recharge area is located in the Daba mountainous area to the north of Tongluo mountain. The elevation of deep geothermal water recharge is more than 1,100 m; the average annual temperature of the recharge area is 9℃; the horizontal distance reaches 220 km. According to the SiO2 geo-thermometer, the karst geothermal reservoir temperature is 56-76℃; the circulation depth of geothermal water is 2,013-3,030 m, and the karst geothermal water is immature. Moreover, the dissolution of carbonate and evaporite and the mixing of cold groundwater are major hydro-geochemical processes in the geothermal water circulation path, and the mixing ratio of cold groundwater is higher than 0.8. Based on the results of geothermal geology, geothermal drilling, hydro-geochemistry, and environment isotopes, the genesis mechanism of geothermal water in this area is summarized as follows, groundwater receives water recharge from rainwater through karst depressions, sink, and pit of the Leikoupo and Jialingjiang formations in the anticline core region, heated by geothermal gradient and hot rock during the deep circulation of the anticline wing. During water circulation, major hydro-geochemical processes are water-rock interaction and thermal-cold water mixing. After then, karst geothermal water occurs along the anticline axis and wing region in forms of hot springs and geothermal wells. This study not only enriches the theory of the karst geothermal reservoirs system in the fold mountainous areas of eastern Sichuan but also provides a scientific basis for the exploration and exploitation of deep karst geothermal resources in this area.
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References
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YUAN Jianfei, LIU Huizhong, DENG Guoshi, LI Minghui. Structural characteristics of Triassic carbonate geothermal reservoir and genesis of thermal water in the Tongluo mountain anticline of Guang’an City, China[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2022, 41(4): 623-635. doi: 10.11932/karst20220410
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Figure 1.
Simplified map of geological structures, hydrogeological profiles, and sampling locations in the study area
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Figure 2.
Histogram of geothermal wells of Liujiagou and Guihua village in the Tongluo mountain anticline of Guang’an City
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Figure 3.
Piper diagram of water samples in the study area
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Figure 4.
Plot of (Ca2++ Mg2+) vs.(HCO3-+ SO42-) for water samples in the study area
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Figure 5.
Plots of TDS vs. (Na+/(Na++Ca+)) (a), and TDS vs. (Cl−/(Cl−+HCO3−)) (b) for water samples in the study area
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Figure 6.
δD-δ18O diagram for water samples in the study area
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Figure 7.
Ternary diagram of Na/1000-K/100-Mg0.5 for geothermal water in the study area
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Figure 8.
Relationship of water temperatures and mixing ratios of cold groundwater for geothermal groundwater in the Tongluo mountain anticline in Guang’an City
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Figure 9.
Conceptual diagram of the genetic model for geotherm groundwater in the study area